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Impact of HbA1c reduction on major kidney outcomes in type 2 diabetes with poor glycemic control and advanced CKD
(Wiley, 2025) Navarro Blackaller, Guillermo; Benitez-Renteria, A. S.; Hernández-Morales, K.; Rico-Fontalvo, Jorge; Daza-Arnedo, R.; Gómez-Ramírez, G. G.; Camacho-Guerrero, J. R.; Pérez-Venegas, M. A.; Carmona-Morales, J.; Oseguera-González, A. N.; Murguía Soto, César; Chávez-Alonso, G.; García-Peña, F.; Barrera-Torres, C. J.; Orozco-Chan, E.; Arredondo-Dubois, M.; Martínez Gallardo González, Alejandro; Gómez-Fregoso, J. A.; Rodríguez-García, F. G.; Luquin-Arellano, V. H.; Abundis-Mora, G.; Alcantar-Vallin, L.; Medina-González, R.; García-García, G.; Chávez-Iñiguez, Jonathan S.
Aims: In subjects with type 2 diabetes (DM), poor glycemic control, and advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), the kidney beneft of the reduction of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is not well established. Methods: In a retrospective cohort, we included patients with DM, CKD grade 3b-5, and HbA1c > 9% to evaluate the risk of developing major adverse kidney events (MAKE) defned as the start of kidney replacement therapy (KRT), ≥ 25% or ≥ 40% decline in the glomerular fltration rate (eGFR) from baseline, and death; patients were divided according to the HbA1c levels at the end of the follow-up into the following groups: > 75 mmol/mol (≥ 9.0%), 74–64 mmol/mol (8.9%–8.0%), 64–53 mmol/mol (7.9%–7.0%), and < 52 mmol/mol (< 7.0%). We described their characteristics and analyzed their risks, adjusting for confounding variables. Results: From 2015 to 2023, 111 patients were included. In 46 patients (41.4%), the HbA1c at the end of follow-up (60 months) was still > 75 mmol/mol (≥ 9%), and each patient had a mean of 4.9 HbA1c measurements. Te mean age was 59 years, and 46% were male; the baseline eGFR was 25 mL/min/1.73 m2 . MAKE occurred in 67% of cases. In a multivariate analysis, the risk of MAKE was not associated with the HbA1c groups, nor was it associated with any of the MAKE components individually, nor in certain subgroups. When evaluating the magnitude of percentage changes in HbA1 with the initiation of KRT, we did not fnd any association. Conclusions: With advanced CKD and poor glycemic control, changes in HbA1c during long follow-up are not associated with MAKE or its individual components.
Kidney health programs in Latin America: Results of the SLANH survey 2024
(Elsevier, 2025) Cueto-Manzano, Alfonso; Carlino-Bauza, María C.; Ríos-Sarro, Pablo G.; Vallejos, Augusto; Zúñiga-San Martín, Carlos A.; Zúñiga-Saravia, Eric A.; Bravo Zúñiga, Jessica Ivonne; Alles-Gamberale, Alberto M.; Solá-Schnir, Laura; Sánchez-Polo, Vicente; Robayo, Adriana; Rico-Fontalvo, Jorge; Álvarez-Estévez, Guillermo; Comité de Salud Renal; Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nefrología e Hipertensión
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a health problem worldwide, but it is overexpressed in Latin America. With the aim of understanding the status of kidney health programs (KHP) and provide information to help create or direct kidney health policies, the Kidney Health Committee of the Latin American Society of Nephrology and Hypertension (SLANH) developed an electronic survey that was sent (February 1–May 30, 2024) to the national nephrology society, the Ministry of Health or a policymaker, and a recognized local nephrology leader of all SLANH member countries. Thirteen of 20 (65%) member countries had a KHP. Although with variability, most covers individuals with and without social security, targeting people with risk factors with or without CKD (61%) or general population (39%). In all but two countries with KHP, it is integrated into another noncommunicable disease program (diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and/or cardiovascular disease), and the national nephrology society is involved (except in three). Virtually all countries perform educative interventions for multidisciplinary health professionals and general population, the latter mainly in connection with World Kidney Day. Only eight (40%) countries have a registry of CKD stage 1-4 (seven of them had a KHP), and nine (45%) have a kidney health law, which was not different between countries with or without KHP. Only 25% of countries have active patient participation in kidney issues, regardless of the country having KHP or not. The SLANH-KHP survey showed heterogeneity in the way Latin American countries address kidney health. These findings could guide the implementation of strategies aimed at reducing the burden of CKD toward equitable and sustainable kidney disease care.
Lymphoid peritoneal fluid as a variant of chylous-like effluent in peritoneal dialysis: proposal for a new diagnostic term
(Società Italiana di Nefrologia, 2024) Fernández Claros, Nigel; Ocampo, María L.; Musso, Carlos G.; Cristiano, Fabrizio; Aroca Martinez, Gustavo; Giordani, María C.
The cloudy bag in peritoneal dialysis is generally associated with infectious peritonitis and non-infectious etiologies. These cloudy bags may have increased cellularity or low/acellular counts. In the case of low cell count, the concomitant detection of fibrin or fat can provide guidance on its etiology. The cloudy peritoneal bag with a whitish appearance is usually due to its high fat content (chyloperitoneum). The etiologies include pharmacological, traumatic or inflammatory causes. The elevated fatty component in chyloperitoneum may be triglycerides (chylous), cholesterol (pseudochylous) or lymph. We present the case of a patient with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD). He starts continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and presents turbid but acellular peritoneal effluent with chylous appearance, negative cultures, and low levels of triglycerides and cholesterol on physicochemical evaluation. It doesn’t meet the criteria for chylous or pseudochylous fluid, which is why the term lymphoid fluid is here proposed to describe it, because of its resemblance to lymphatic fluid in color. To our knowledge, this is the first case in the literature to report this effluent (milky-looking fluid without high levels of triglycerides or cholesterol) and to propose a specific term to describe it.
La relación médico-paciente en el contexto de las investigaciones clínicas: ¿asegura formas relacionales efectivas?
(Asociación Colombiana de Nefrología e Hipertensión Arterial, 2025) Depine, Santos; Aroca-Martinez, Gustavo
Introducción: el artículo explora la dinámica histórica de la relación médico-paciente, destacan do la importancia del diálogo y la escucha activa desde las civilizaciones antiguas, destacando su importancia en el contexto de las investigaciones clínicas. Se introduce el concepto de "modelo mental", enfatizando cómo las interpretaciones individuales del médico y el paciente influyen en la interacción. Además, se plantean los desafíos actuales, como la sobrecarga de información, la medicina defensiva y las barreras de acceso a la atención médica, así como los cambios surgidos a raíz de la pandemia de COVID-19 y la influencia de la tecnología. Se subraya la relevancia de los códigos de ética para prevenir malas prácticas médicas. Contenidos: se describen los cuatro componentes del modelo mental: biología, historia personal, cultura y expresión inconsciente, subrayando la necesidad de una relación basada en empatía y respeto. Se analizan los modelos bio-médico y bio-psico-social, y la importancia de integrar ambos enfoques. Se examina el impacto de la tecnología y la globalización en la práctica médica, incluyendo la telemedicina y la medicina de precisión. Se discute el papel del consentimiento informado y la participación activa del paciente en la toma de decisiones, incluyendo su participación en las investigaciones clínicas. Se plantea la importancia de ampliar el concepto a una relación entre el consultante y el equipo de salud, y se aborda el problema de la falta de personal médico y la precarización de la profesión.
Situation of chronic kidney disease in Latin America, with emphasis on diabetic kidney disease: difficulties and challenges
(Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nefrología e Hipertensión, 2025) Rico-Fontalvo, Jorge; Elbert, Alicia; lorca, eduardo; daza arnedo, rodrigo andres; Castellaro, Carlos; Villavicencio, Vanessa; Rosa Diez, Guillermo Javier; Bonanno-Hidalgo, Carlos; Sánchez-Polo, Vicente; Correa-Rotter, Ricardo
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious public health problem worldwide, with a high prevalence in the adult population and often lately diagnosed. A meeting of experts in nephrology, with participants from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Mexico, Nicaragua, and the Dominican Republic, was held with the aim of generating pro posals and a call to action on how to deal with CKD and cardio-renal-metabolic syndrome. Based on a review of the best available evidence and from the perspective of experience in daily practice about the difficulties and opportunities for opti mizing early diagnosis and treatment of CKD, with emphasis on diabetic kidney disease, a description of the current scenario, the challenges and proposals for improving this situation in the region are presented
On World Kidney Day: from early detection to access to kidney disease treatment
(Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nefrología e Hipertensión, 2025) Sánchez-Polo, Vicente; daza arnedo, rodrigo andres; Villavicencio Ceron, Vanessa; Álvarez-Estévez, Guillermo; Rico-Fontalvo, Jorge
As every year, World Kidney Day will be celebrated on March 13th, prompting educational campaigns worldwide aimed at raising awareness among the general population about kidney care. Given that chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a significant impact on quality of life, morbidity, and mortality, it is crucial to use this opportunity to raise its visibility among the public. It is estimated that approximately 10% of the global population suffers from some form of CKD, with 78% residing in low- or middle-income countries. These regions also face challenges such as malnutrition, infection risks, low birth weight, environmental factors, and limited access to healthcare services
May Measurement Month 2022: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Colombia
(European Society of Cardiology, 2025) Lopez-Lopez, Jose P.; Otero, Johanna; urbina, zulma; sanchez-vallejo, gregorio; Narvaez, Claudia; Camacho, Paul Anthony; Urina, Miguel; Quintero, Adalberto; Aroca-Martinez, Gustavo; Campos, Alfonso; Arcos, Edgar; Perez-Mayorga, Maritza; Mosquera, Walter; Garcia, Luis; Beaney, Thomas; Kerr, Gabriele; Poulter, Neil; Lopez-Jaramillo, Patricio
The May Measurement Month (MMM) campaign was carried out in Colombia in 2022 with the aim of raising awareness of raised blood pressure (BP). Here, we report on the findings of the campaign. Adults aged ≥ 18 years were recruited opportunistically at healthcare and public facilities in eleven departments. Three seated BP readings were taken for each participant, along with completion of a questionnaire on demographics, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg or being on antihypertensive medication. Controlled BP was defined as being on antihypertensive medication with a BP <140/90 mmHg. Multiple imputation was used to estimate any missing BP readings. In total, 38 924 were screened, with a mean age of 46.3 years and 52.9% of whom were female. Of all participants, 10 738 (27.6%) had hypertension, of whom 7058 (65.7%) were aware, and 6925 (64.5%) were on antihypertensive medication. Of those on antihypertensive medication, 4600 (66.4%) had controlled BP, and of all participants with hypertension, 42.8% had controlled BP. However, those under 50 years had lower hypertension control (<30%). Women had a higher BP control than men (49.5 vs 36.3%). High education was associated with lower systolic BP (-2.37 mmHg). The MMM campaign in Colombia identified significant numbers of participants with either untreated or inadequately treated hypertension. MMM22 results point to the need to continue improving awareness and seek a broader implementation of strategies with proven efficacy in controlling hypertension.
Overlap syndrome in late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus with lupus nephritis and MPO-ANCA pauci-immune glomerulonephritis and tuberculosis: an uncommon association
(Wiley, 2025) Dulce Muñoz, Jaime Arturo; Aroca-Martinez, Gustavo; Seni, Christian ; Perea Rojas, Diana Marcela; CABARCAS BARBOSA, OMAR; Niño Hernández, Lucia Mercedes; Gaivao Arciniegas, Dario Jose; García Jarava, Camila Maria ; Olivares Olmos, Marianela ; Seni Hernandez, Sebastian Andre; Pérez Jiménez, Valentina; Rojas-Torres, Indiana-Luz
Systemic lupus erythematosus is a systemic autoimmune pathology that generally presents in young people and manifests acutely, while its late presentation in people over 50 years of age is rare and insidious. Vasculitis is a pathology that afects any vessel producing fbrinoid necrosis, and presents with a positive antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody. Te concomitance of these two entities is rare and leads to worse clinical outcomes. We present a 73-year-old female patient who presented with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis requiring renal replacement therapy, pulmonary tuberculosis, late-onset lupus erythematosus with lupus nephritis, and a positive result for neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody. An immune-mediated extracapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis was found when the biopsy was performed, with obvious signs of vasculitis, an overlap syndrome was found between these entities. She was initially treated with antituberculosis therapy, boluses of methylprednisolone and continued with intermittent renal replacement therapy; however, due to the severity of his pathologies, she had a fatal outcome. Te concomitance between these autoimmune pathologies is unusual; there is a late-onset overlap syndrome between lupus nephritis accompanied by myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody and pauci-immune glomerulonephritis. Te dual presentation es tablishes clinical challeng.
A propósito del Día Mundial del Riñón: de la detección temprana al acceso al tratamiento de la enfermedad renal
(Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nefrología e Hipertensión, 2025) Sánchez-Polo, Vicente; Daza-Arnedo, Rodrigo; Villavicencio-Cerón, Vanessa; Álvarez-Estévez, Guillermo; Rico-Fontalvo, Jorge
Como todos los años, el próximo 13 de marzo se celebra el Día Mundial del Riñón, por lo que en todo el mundo se hacen campañas educativas que buscan impactar en la población en general con relación al cuidado de los riñones. Por ser la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) una afección de alto impacto en térmi nos de calidad de vida, morbilidad y mortalidad, es fundamental aprovechar esta oportunidad para hacerla visible dentro de la población. Se estima que aproxi madamente un 10% de la población mundial cursa con alguna forma de ERC, y que el 78% residen en países de medio o bajo ingreso económico, teniendo por con texto, además, la malnutrición, el riesgo de infecciones, el bajo peso al nacer, factores ambientales y la falta de acceso a los servicios de salud
Efficacy and safety of obinutuzumab in active lupus nephritis
(Massachusetts Medical Society, 2025) Furie, R.A.; Rovin, B.H.; Garg, J.P.; Santiago, M.B.; Aroca Martínez, G.; Zuta Santillán, A.E.; Álvarez, D.; Navarro Sandoval, C.; Lila, A.M.; Tumlin, J.A.; Saxena, A.; Irazoque Palazuelos, F.; Raghu, H.; Yoo, B.; Hassan, I.; Martins, E.; Sehgal, H.; Kirchner, P.; Ross Terres, J.; Omachi, T.A.; Schindler, T.; Pendergraft, W.F.; Malvar, A.
Obinutuzumab, a humanized type II anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, provided sig nificantly better renal responses than placebo in a phase 2 trial involving patients with lupus nephritis receiving standard therapy. METHODS In a phase 3, randomized, controlled trial, we assigned adults with biopsy-proven active lupus nephritis in a 1:1 ratio to receive obinutuzumab in one of two dose schedules (1000 mg on day 1 and at weeks 2, 24, 26, and 52, with or without a dose at week 50) or placebo. All patients received standard therapy with mycophen olate mofetil, along with oral prednisone at a target dose of 7.5 mg per day by week 12 and 5 mg per day by week 24. The primary end point was a complete renal response at week 76, defined by a urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio of less than 0.5 (with protein and creatinine both measured in milligrams), an estimated glo merular filtration rate of at least 85% of the baseline value, and no intercurrent event (i.e., rescue therapy, treatment failure, death, or early trial withdrawal). Key secondary end points at week 76 included a complete renal response with a pred nisone dose of 7.5 mg per day or lower between weeks 64 and 76 and a urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio lower than 0.8 without an intercurrent event.
Results from the regency trial assessing efficacy and safety of obinutuzumab in active lupus nephritis
(International Society of Nephrology (ISN), 2025) Rovin, Brad; Furie, Richard; Garg, Jay
Introduction: Obinutuzumab, a humanized type II anti-CD20 mono clonal antibody, is approved for B-cell malignancies. In the Phase II NOBILITY trial of patients with active lupus nephritis (LN;NCT02550652), study participants receiving obinutuzumab in addition to standard therapy were significantly more likely to achieve complete renal response than those receiving placebo in addition to standard therapy. The results of the Phase III REGENCY trial (NCT04221477), performed to verify NOBILITY, are presented here. Methods: REGENCY, a Phase III, double-blind placebo-controlled trial, randomized adults with biopsy-proven active proliferative LN 1:1 to placebo or one of two intravenous obinutuzumab dosing schedules (1000 mg: Day 1, Weeks 2, 24, 26, 50 and 52) in addition to standard therapy. The primary endpoint was complete renal response (CRR, defined as urine protein-to-creatinine ratio [UPCR] <0.5 g/g, estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] $85% of baseline and no intercurrent events of rescue therapy, treatment failure, death or early study withdrawal) at Week 76 and assessed in the intention-to-treat population. Key secondary endpoints included CRR at Week 76 with successful prednisone taper to #7.5 mg/day between Weeks 64 and 76, and UPCR <0.8 g/g at Week 76 with no intercurrent events, change in eGFR from baseline to Week 76 and renal-related events or death through Week 76. Incidence and severity of adverse events through Week 76 were compiled
Refractory nephrotic syndrome in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis by pmm2 genetic variant
(International Society of Nephrology (ISN), 2025) Dulce M., Jaime Arturo; Conde, Juan; Aroca, Gustavo
Introduction: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a clinical condition charac terized by massive proteinuria, edema, hypoalbuminemia, and hyper lipidemia. The etiology may be secondary to systemic, metabolic, infectious, neoplastic, and pharmacological diseases. There is a group of primary causes of unknown etiology whose pathophysiological mech anism is immunological whose most frequent histological pattern in adults is focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), minimal change disease and membranous nephropathy that represent podocithopathies. Currently, the KDIGO guidelines add that FSGS may have a genetic etiology, which merits a different diagnostic and therapeutic approach due to its refractoriness to immunosuppressive management, deter mining the causative gene is of great importance to predict its relapse in transplantation. A diversity of genes contributing to podocitopathies (NEPH1, TRPC6, CRB2, FAT1) located in the diaphragm slit has been highlighted, but very few cases have been reported with the PMM2 genetic variant.
Prevalence of proteinuria, hypertension, and diabetes in an indigenous population of the biodiverse jungle of the Colombian pacific coast
(International Society of Nephrology (ISN), 2025) Ramírez Marmolejo, Roberto; Ramírez Isaza, Sofia; Isaza Echeverri, Lina Maria; Hernán Mejía, Carlos; Elcy Rojas, Myrian; Aroca, Gustavo
Introduction: In Colombia, South America, in 2018, 1,905,617 people identified themselves as indigenous. Recognizing 115 ethnic groups We visited the Chonara Huena and Ipua Euja communities, in the jungle area of the Pacific coast. (See image#1) This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Hypertension, Diabetes, Proteinuria, Obesity, and poor nutrition(See images#2,3) Methods: It was developed by a direct visit to the population, where a sampling was made with people who voluntarily accepted to participate in capillary glucose, spontaneous albuminuria, blood pressure, and anthropometry, recording information in a survey. This is a descriptive cross-sectional prevalence study. With consent for the publication of data and images, with the approval of the ethics committee of the Simón Bolívar University of Barranquilla Results: The Colombian Pacific rainforest region has an area of 83,170 km2 which corresponds to about 7% of the territory. It is the second most tropical biodiverse region in the world
Sociocognitive configuration: meanings and creations in the mathematical learning of middle school students
(AG Editor, 2024) PARADA CARREÑO, MARIA JOSE; Bravo Valero, Antonio José; Hernandez-Albarracín, Juan-Diego
The study explores the socio-cognitive configuration in the mathematical learning of middle school students, relating cognitive processes to the social interactions that shape perceptions and performance in mathematics. A qualitative approach was adopted to delve into students' subjective experiences. Meaningful interactions revealed in the classroom enhance mathematical understanding and foster critical and problem-solving skills. The socio-cognitive configuration achieved evidence that mathematical cognition is deeply affected and defined by its social context and educational practices. This study underscores the importance of integrating students' personal and collective meanings in mathematical learning to foster a holistic pedagogical approach to both the transmission of knowledge and its social and personal relevance, which transforms mathematics teaching by making it more applicable to students' real-life challenges and contexts.
Sustainability in education and environmental health to prevent Aedes spp: A literature review
(ANPAD - Associacao Nacional de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa em Administracao, 2024) CONTRERAS VELASQUEZ, ZAIDA ROCIO; HERNÁNDEZ GARRCÍA, DIEGO; CONTRERAS W, ANA EMILCE; Villamizar Garcia, Luis Humberto; Contreras-Velásquez, Julio César; Londoño, José Albán; García, Jorge; González Parias, Carlos Hernán
Objective: Determine the state of knowledge in sustainable strategies used in health and environmental education to prevent the proliferation of the mosquito and vector of viral diseases, Aedes spp. Theoretical Framework: Concepts about the proliferation of the habitat of Aedes spp are addressed. mosquito that causes diseases such as dengue, Zika, chikunguya and yellow fever in various regions of the planet. Method: The PRISMA method was used, the words "environmental health" AND/OR "environmental education" AND/OR "environmental literacy" AND/OR "dengue" AND/OR "Aedes spp" were entered on the PubMed, Sciences Direct, Scopus and Virtual Health Library databases. Results and Discussion: One hundred and twelve documents were identified, out of which 65 articles were selected from 2008 to 2022 with the established level of suitability and classified into four areas: studies aimed at the community, research groups and government entities, studies related to the mosquito, and studies on uses of georeferencing as a tool. 20.8% of the literature reviews are from North America, 19.4% of the studies conducted in communities are from Latin America, and georeferencing studies begin to be evidenced from 2015. Research Implications: The ideal method to evaluate and apply sustainable strategies in communities is the cluster-randomized controlled trial. It is important to continue studying the behavior of the mosquito and the climatic, chemical, and biological factors that affect it, and using georeferencing tools to expand knowledge of the behavior of the mosquito in communities in terms of geographical distribution to create proliferation monitoring and prevention strategies. Originality/Value: The added value of the study is to address the health implications of climate change and how communities face the problem to prevent the introduction and proliferation of the mosquito without affecting the environment.
Purchase Behavior by Region in Distributor Channel in Colombia
(ANPAD - Associacao Nacional de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa em Administracao, 2024) Contreras-Velásquez, Julio César; Velez Saldarriaga, Gloria Liliana; Riaño-Garzón, Manuel; Londoño, José Albán; Rodríguez-Díaz, Angelica-Maria ; García, Jorge; González Parias, Carlos Hernán
Objective: The article analyzes the purchasing behavior of the distributor channel by region, taking into account the sales volume and the sizing curve. Theoretical Framework: The concepts of the distributor channel and the sizing curve are addressed, in the context of the fashion industry. Method: The data comes from purchases between 2018 and 2019 of 685 distributors of women's push up jeans from the company Organization Bless located in 28 departments of Colombia. The information on the sizing curve is taken from orders placed for 245 different references marketed in the study period. Georeferencing technique is used to locate distributors by purchase volume on a geographic level, likewise, descriptive statistics are used to analyze purchasing behavior by size by region. Results and Discussion: The majority of warehouses in the distribution channel and the purchase volume are concentrated in the Southwest region of Colombia. A greater consumption of small sizes is evident in the central region of the country, compared to the other regions, while in the Northwestern region its proportion decreases compared to the others. Research Implications: The results serve as a basis for companies that market their fashion products in the distributor channel, to take into account the purchase volume, as well as demand planning in the sizing curve that adapts to each region. Originality/Value: The study is carried out in an emerging market such as Colombia, a benchmark in the fashion industry in Latin America. Likewise, the product analyzed is the push up pants, which is characterized by its high demand in the Latin market.
Access to ICT Services in houses at the Base of the Pyramid in Venezuela
(ANPAD - Associacao Nacional de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa em Administracao, 2024) Contreras-Velásquez, Julio César; Riaño-Garzón, Manuel; Londoño, José Albán; Espinosa Castro, Jhon Franklin; García, Jorge; González Parias, Carlos Hernán
Objective: The article analyzes whether or not there is an association between the different levels of the BoP and their area of residence with the variables of access to ICT services in a region of Venezuela. Theoretical Framework: The literature review addresses the concepts of access to Information and Communication Technology services, as well as the concept of BoP population. Method: The data analyzed comes from 1,398 households in the Táchira region (Venezuela), which were segmented by poverty conditions, resulting in 675 in the BoP. To establish the association between variables, the Mann Whitney U test was used; The magnitude of the association has been determined using Cramér's V coefficients. Results and Discussion: The results show that access to landline telephone and cable TV services present a moderate association, with respect to socioeconomic levels; while in cell phone service, television ownership and internet service, the association is low. Little interest was evident on the part of public and private organizations in the internet services sector in serving this market segment, as they did not include it in their marketing strategies. Research Implications: These results allow companies in the ICT services sector that have the BoP as a target market to make a distinction in their marketing strategies between the levels of the BoP, since heterogeneity is evident. Originality/Value: The study uses an innovative method of classifying socioeconomic levels that facilitates comparison with other regions by not using income level as the only variable.
Access to Essential Utilities by The Bottom of The Pyramid (BoP) Population in Colombia
(ANPAD - Associacao Nacional de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa em Administracao, 2024) Contreras-Velásquez, Julio César; Suárez Bernal, Omaira; Londoño, José Albán; Rodriguez Arenas, Luis Eduardo; García, Jorge; González Parias, Carlos Hernán; MANOSALVA, JESSICA
Objective: The article analyzes whether there is an association between the different levels of the BoP and the area of residence with the variables of access to essential utilities in a region of Colombia. Theoretical Framework: The literature review addresses the concepts of access to essential utilities and the BoP Population. Method: The data analyzed comes from 2,394 homes in the Norte de Santander region (Colombia), which were segmented by poverty conditions, resulting in 1,521 in the BoP. To establish the association between variables, the Mann Whitney U test was used; the magnitude of the association has been determined using Cramér's V coefficients. Results and Discussion: Results show that cooking fuel, excreta disposal, and urban waste management services have a high association with the socioeconomic levels at the BoP; while the drinking water service has a moderate association, yielding a Cramer V value of 0.47. Regarding the area of residence, the independence between the variables Access to essential utilities and Area of residence is rejected; that is, they are associated. Little interest was evident on the part of public and private organizations in the essential services sector in serving this market segment, by not including it in their marketing targeting strategies. The finding was also that people from the BoP in Norte de Santander, Colombia, who reside in urban areas, have better access to these services than those in rural areas, confirming the hypotheses raised based on similar studies carried out in regions from Asia. Research Implications: These results leads to recommending that companies in the essential services sector that have the BoP as their target market make a distinction in marketing strategies between the urban and rural markets of the BoP. Originality/Value: The study uses an innovative socioeconomic level classification method that facilitates comparison with other regions by not using income level as the only variable.
Éxodo de venezolanos a través de la frontera con Colombia y agentes de reconocimiento de derechos
(Universidad del Zulia, 2024) Albornoz-Arias, Neida; Ruscheinsky, Aloisio; Mazuera-Arias, Rina; Ramírez Martínez, Carolina
La reconocida migración venezolana en contexto de crisis en dirección a otros países sudamericanos motivó a los autores a sustentar este planteamiento con datos cuantitativos. El objetivo es analizar las razones de éxodo e incertidumbres de los migrantes venezolanos con enfoque en los Derechos Humanos. Para ello, se elaboró y aplicó diariamente una encuesta estructurada a 12.957 personas en un espacio geográfico facilitado por la Oficina de Control Migratorio fronterizo en La Parada, municipio Villa del Rosario, Norte de Santander, Colombia, durante el período 8 de abril al 5 de mayo de 2019. Se realizó un análisis exploratorio, descriptivo, de las variables en estudio, se utilizaron técnicas de análisis multivariado como el análisis de correspondencias múltiples mediante escalamiento óptimo. Como resultado se describió la estructura de relaciones entre las categorías en un plano bidimensional o mapa perceptual. Los marcos teóricos tienen en cuenta una mirada desde las ciencias sociales con un enfoque de derechos humanos frente a la migración, combinado con el supuesto de que el conocimiento se justifica como mecanismo para enfrentar los desafíos socioculturales contemporáneos. En conclusión, se destacan hallazgos que atestiguan un fenómeno de búsqueda de refugio y resistencia, así como la cualificación familiar y profesional.
Low-Income Consumer Behavior: A Literature Review
(ANPAD - Associacao Nacional de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa em Administracao, 2024) Contreras-Velásquez, Julio César; Riaño-Garzón, Manuel; Londoño, José Albán; Hernández Ramírez, Jose Antonio; Puente Castro, Raquel; González Parias, Carlos Hernán
Objective: The objective of this literature review is to present the theoretical bases to describe, analyze, and interpret the factors associated with the behavior of low-income consumers. Theoretical Framework: The literature review addresses the concepts of consumer behavior, the factors that influence this behavior, such as psychological, social and cultural factors, and finally the low-income consumer. Method: A non-experimental design of bibliographic research allowed us to systematically review the constructs of consumer behavior, factors associated with consumption behavior, and low-income consumers. A total of 109 bibliographic references were consulted: 71 articles, 31 books, 5 research-results book chapters, and 2 reports. Results and Discussion: The review found that this market segment is heterogeneous due to sociocultural differences in the contexts where they reside. For poverty to be more attractive to the business sector, it is necessary that the proposed solution be sustainable; therefore, it must be profitable. The participation of the State is also important, responsible for the inclusion of public policies that encourage companies to incorporate low-income people as micro-entrepreneurs in their business model; one proposal would be to establish dignified and flexible forms of contracting. It is recommended that business schools include within the content of their undergraduate and graduate programs consumer behavior focused on low-income people, who make up the majority of the market in developing countries, in order to raise awareness among future professionals of the importance of including this segment in marketing strategies. Research Implications: The theoretical content found in the literature review will serve marketing managers to design strategies in the distribution and marketing processes that enable products to be introduced into the low-income consumer segment, as well as encouraging the scientific community from the business field to investigate this market segment. Originality/Value: The bibliographic study contributes to the marketing literature with an innovative approach, by addressing the low-income consumer, an object of study that is often excluded in the business sector, considering that they do not have purchasing power, but that in emerging markets represents the majority. of the population.

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