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A propósito del Día Mundial del Riñón: de la detección temprana al acceso al tratamiento de la enfermedad renal
(Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nefrología e Hipertensión, 2025) Sánchez-Polo, Vicente; Daza-Arnedo, Rodrigo; Villavicencio-Cerón, Vanessa; Álvarez-Estévez, Guillermo; Rico-Fontalvo, Jorge
Como todos los años, el próximo 13 de marzo se celebra el Día Mundial del Riñón, por lo que en todo el mundo se hacen campañas educativas que buscan impactar en la población en general con relación al cuidado de los riñones. Por ser la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) una afección de alto impacto en térmi nos de calidad de vida, morbilidad y mortalidad, es fundamental aprovechar esta oportunidad para hacerla visible dentro de la población. Se estima que aproxi madamente un 10% de la población mundial cursa con alguna forma de ERC, y que el 78% residen en países de medio o bajo ingreso económico, teniendo por con texto, además, la malnutrición, el riesgo de infecciones, el bajo peso al nacer, factores ambientales y la falta de acceso a los servicios de salud
Efficacy and safety of obinutuzumab in active lupus nephritis
(Massachusetts Medical Society, 2025) Furie, R.A.; Rovin, B.H.; Garg, J.P.; Santiago, M.B.; Aroca Martínez, G.; Zuta Santillán, A.E.; Álvarez, D.; Navarro Sandoval, C.; Lila, A.M.; Tumlin, J.A.; Saxena, A.; Irazoque Palazuelos, F.; Raghu, H.; Yoo, B.; Hassan, I.; Martins, E.; Sehgal, H.; Kirchner, P.; Ross Terres, J.; Omachi, T.A.; Schindler, T.; Pendergraft, W.F.; Malvar, A.
Obinutuzumab, a humanized type II anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, provided sig nificantly better renal responses than placebo in a phase 2 trial involving patients with lupus nephritis receiving standard therapy. METHODS In a phase 3, randomized, controlled trial, we assigned adults with biopsy-proven active lupus nephritis in a 1:1 ratio to receive obinutuzumab in one of two dose schedules (1000 mg on day 1 and at weeks 2, 24, 26, and 52, with or without a dose at week 50) or placebo. All patients received standard therapy with mycophen olate mofetil, along with oral prednisone at a target dose of 7.5 mg per day by week 12 and 5 mg per day by week 24. The primary end point was a complete renal response at week 76, defined by a urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio of less than 0.5 (with protein and creatinine both measured in milligrams), an estimated glo merular filtration rate of at least 85% of the baseline value, and no intercurrent event (i.e., rescue therapy, treatment failure, death, or early trial withdrawal). Key secondary end points at week 76 included a complete renal response with a pred nisone dose of 7.5 mg per day or lower between weeks 64 and 76 and a urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio lower than 0.8 without an intercurrent event.
Results from the regency trial assessing efficacy and safety of obinutuzumab in active lupus nephritis
(International Society of Nephrology (ISN), 2025) Rovin, Brad; Furie, Richard; Garg, Jay
Introduction: Obinutuzumab, a humanized type II anti-CD20 mono clonal antibody, is approved for B-cell malignancies. In the Phase II NOBILITY trial of patients with active lupus nephritis (LN;NCT02550652), study participants receiving obinutuzumab in addition to standard therapy were significantly more likely to achieve complete renal response than those receiving placebo in addition to standard therapy. The results of the Phase III REGENCY trial (NCT04221477), performed to verify NOBILITY, are presented here. Methods: REGENCY, a Phase III, double-blind placebo-controlled trial, randomized adults with biopsy-proven active proliferative LN 1:1 to placebo or one of two intravenous obinutuzumab dosing schedules (1000 mg: Day 1, Weeks 2, 24, 26, 50 and 52) in addition to standard therapy. The primary endpoint was complete renal response (CRR, defined as urine protein-to-creatinine ratio [UPCR] <0.5 g/g, estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] $85% of baseline and no intercurrent events of rescue therapy, treatment failure, death or early study withdrawal) at Week 76 and assessed in the intention-to-treat population. Key secondary endpoints included CRR at Week 76 with successful prednisone taper to #7.5 mg/day between Weeks 64 and 76, and UPCR <0.8 g/g at Week 76 with no intercurrent events, change in eGFR from baseline to Week 76 and renal-related events or death through Week 76. Incidence and severity of adverse events through Week 76 were compiled
Refractory nephrotic syndrome in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis by pmm2 genetic variant
(International Society of Nephrology (ISN), 2025) Dulce M., Jaime Arturo; Conde, Juan; Aroca, Gustavo
Introduction: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a clinical condition charac terized by massive proteinuria, edema, hypoalbuminemia, and hyper lipidemia. The etiology may be secondary to systemic, metabolic, infectious, neoplastic, and pharmacological diseases. There is a group of primary causes of unknown etiology whose pathophysiological mech anism is immunological whose most frequent histological pattern in adults is focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), minimal change disease and membranous nephropathy that represent podocithopathies. Currently, the KDIGO guidelines add that FSGS may have a genetic etiology, which merits a different diagnostic and therapeutic approach due to its refractoriness to immunosuppressive management, deter mining the causative gene is of great importance to predict its relapse in transplantation. A diversity of genes contributing to podocitopathies (NEPH1, TRPC6, CRB2, FAT1) located in the diaphragm slit has been highlighted, but very few cases have been reported with the PMM2 genetic variant.
Prevalence of proteinuria, hypertension, and diabetes in an indigenous population of the biodiverse jungle of the Colombian pacific coast
(International Society of Nephrology (ISN), 2025) Ramírez Marmolejo, Roberto; Ramírez Isaza, Sofia; Isaza Echeverri, Lina Maria; Hernán Mejía, Carlos; Elcy Rojas, Myrian; Aroca, Gustavo
Introduction: In Colombia, South America, in 2018, 1,905,617 people identified themselves as indigenous. Recognizing 115 ethnic groups We visited the Chonara Huena and Ipua Euja communities, in the jungle area of the Pacific coast. (See image#1) This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Hypertension, Diabetes, Proteinuria, Obesity, and poor nutrition(See images#2,3) Methods: It was developed by a direct visit to the population, where a sampling was made with people who voluntarily accepted to participate in capillary glucose, spontaneous albuminuria, blood pressure, and anthropometry, recording information in a survey. This is a descriptive cross-sectional prevalence study. With consent for the publication of data and images, with the approval of the ethics committee of the Simón Bolívar University of Barranquilla Results: The Colombian Pacific rainforest region has an area of 83,170 km2 which corresponds to about 7% of the territory. It is the second most tropical biodiverse region in the world
Sociocognitive configuration: meanings and creations in the mathematical learning of middle school students
(AG Editor, 2024) PARADA CARREÑO, MARIA JOSE; Bravo Valero, Antonio José; Hernandez-Albarracín, Juan-Diego
The study explores the socio-cognitive configuration in the mathematical learning of middle school students, relating cognitive processes to the social interactions that shape perceptions and performance in mathematics. A qualitative approach was adopted to delve into students' subjective experiences. Meaningful interactions revealed in the classroom enhance mathematical understanding and foster critical and problem-solving skills. The socio-cognitive configuration achieved evidence that mathematical cognition is deeply affected and defined by its social context and educational practices. This study underscores the importance of integrating students' personal and collective meanings in mathematical learning to foster a holistic pedagogical approach to both the transmission of knowledge and its social and personal relevance, which transforms mathematics teaching by making it more applicable to students' real-life challenges and contexts.
Sustainability in education and environmental health to prevent Aedes spp: A literature review
(ANPAD - Associacao Nacional de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa em Administracao, 2024) CONTRERAS VELASQUEZ, ZAIDA ROCIO; HERNÁNDEZ GARRCÍA, DIEGO; CONTRERAS W, ANA EMILCE; Villamizar Garcia, Luis Humberto; Contreras-Velásquez, Julio César; Londoño, José Albán; García, Jorge; González Parias, Carlos Hernán
Objective: Determine the state of knowledge in sustainable strategies used in health and environmental education to prevent the proliferation of the mosquito and vector of viral diseases, Aedes spp. Theoretical Framework: Concepts about the proliferation of the habitat of Aedes spp are addressed. mosquito that causes diseases such as dengue, Zika, chikunguya and yellow fever in various regions of the planet. Method: The PRISMA method was used, the words "environmental health" AND/OR "environmental education" AND/OR "environmental literacy" AND/OR "dengue" AND/OR "Aedes spp" were entered on the PubMed, Sciences Direct, Scopus and Virtual Health Library databases. Results and Discussion: One hundred and twelve documents were identified, out of which 65 articles were selected from 2008 to 2022 with the established level of suitability and classified into four areas: studies aimed at the community, research groups and government entities, studies related to the mosquito, and studies on uses of georeferencing as a tool. 20.8% of the literature reviews are from North America, 19.4% of the studies conducted in communities are from Latin America, and georeferencing studies begin to be evidenced from 2015. Research Implications: The ideal method to evaluate and apply sustainable strategies in communities is the cluster-randomized controlled trial. It is important to continue studying the behavior of the mosquito and the climatic, chemical, and biological factors that affect it, and using georeferencing tools to expand knowledge of the behavior of the mosquito in communities in terms of geographical distribution to create proliferation monitoring and prevention strategies. Originality/Value: The added value of the study is to address the health implications of climate change and how communities face the problem to prevent the introduction and proliferation of the mosquito without affecting the environment.
Purchase Behavior by Region in Distributor Channel in Colombia
(ANPAD - Associacao Nacional de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa em Administracao, 2024) Contreras-Velásquez, Julio César; Velez Saldarriaga, Gloria Liliana; Riaño-Garzón, Manuel; Londoño, José Albán; Rodríguez-Díaz, Angelica-Maria ; García, Jorge; González Parias, Carlos Hernán
Objective: The article analyzes the purchasing behavior of the distributor channel by region, taking into account the sales volume and the sizing curve. Theoretical Framework: The concepts of the distributor channel and the sizing curve are addressed, in the context of the fashion industry. Method: The data comes from purchases between 2018 and 2019 of 685 distributors of women's push up jeans from the company Organization Bless located in 28 departments of Colombia. The information on the sizing curve is taken from orders placed for 245 different references marketed in the study period. Georeferencing technique is used to locate distributors by purchase volume on a geographic level, likewise, descriptive statistics are used to analyze purchasing behavior by size by region. Results and Discussion: The majority of warehouses in the distribution channel and the purchase volume are concentrated in the Southwest region of Colombia. A greater consumption of small sizes is evident in the central region of the country, compared to the other regions, while in the Northwestern region its proportion decreases compared to the others. Research Implications: The results serve as a basis for companies that market their fashion products in the distributor channel, to take into account the purchase volume, as well as demand planning in the sizing curve that adapts to each region. Originality/Value: The study is carried out in an emerging market such as Colombia, a benchmark in the fashion industry in Latin America. Likewise, the product analyzed is the push up pants, which is characterized by its high demand in the Latin market.
Access to ICT Services in houses at the Base of the Pyramid in Venezuela
(ANPAD - Associacao Nacional de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa em Administracao, 2024) Contreras-Velásquez, Julio César; Riaño-Garzón, Manuel; Londoño, José Albán; Espinosa Castro, Jhon Franklin; García, Jorge; González Parias, Carlos Hernán
Objective: The article analyzes whether or not there is an association between the different levels of the BoP and their area of residence with the variables of access to ICT services in a region of Venezuela. Theoretical Framework: The literature review addresses the concepts of access to Information and Communication Technology services, as well as the concept of BoP population. Method: The data analyzed comes from 1,398 households in the Táchira region (Venezuela), which were segmented by poverty conditions, resulting in 675 in the BoP. To establish the association between variables, the Mann Whitney U test was used; The magnitude of the association has been determined using Cramér's V coefficients. Results and Discussion: The results show that access to landline telephone and cable TV services present a moderate association, with respect to socioeconomic levels; while in cell phone service, television ownership and internet service, the association is low. Little interest was evident on the part of public and private organizations in the internet services sector in serving this market segment, as they did not include it in their marketing strategies. Research Implications: These results allow companies in the ICT services sector that have the BoP as a target market to make a distinction in their marketing strategies between the levels of the BoP, since heterogeneity is evident. Originality/Value: The study uses an innovative method of classifying socioeconomic levels that facilitates comparison with other regions by not using income level as the only variable.
Access to Essential Utilities by The Bottom of The Pyramid (BoP) Population in Colombia
(ANPAD - Associacao Nacional de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa em Administracao, 2024) Contreras-Velásquez, Julio César; Suárez Bernal, Omaira; Londoño, José Albán; Rodriguez Arenas, Luis Eduardo; García, Jorge; González Parias, Carlos Hernán; MANOSALVA, JESSICA
Objective: The article analyzes whether there is an association between the different levels of the BoP and the area of residence with the variables of access to essential utilities in a region of Colombia. Theoretical Framework: The literature review addresses the concepts of access to essential utilities and the BoP Population. Method: The data analyzed comes from 2,394 homes in the Norte de Santander region (Colombia), which were segmented by poverty conditions, resulting in 1,521 in the BoP. To establish the association between variables, the Mann Whitney U test was used; the magnitude of the association has been determined using Cramér's V coefficients. Results and Discussion: Results show that cooking fuel, excreta disposal, and urban waste management services have a high association with the socioeconomic levels at the BoP; while the drinking water service has a moderate association, yielding a Cramer V value of 0.47. Regarding the area of residence, the independence between the variables Access to essential utilities and Area of residence is rejected; that is, they are associated. Little interest was evident on the part of public and private organizations in the essential services sector in serving this market segment, by not including it in their marketing targeting strategies. The finding was also that people from the BoP in Norte de Santander, Colombia, who reside in urban areas, have better access to these services than those in rural areas, confirming the hypotheses raised based on similar studies carried out in regions from Asia. Research Implications: These results leads to recommending that companies in the essential services sector that have the BoP as their target market make a distinction in marketing strategies between the urban and rural markets of the BoP. Originality/Value: The study uses an innovative socioeconomic level classification method that facilitates comparison with other regions by not using income level as the only variable.
Éxodo de venezolanos a través de la frontera con Colombia y agentes de reconocimiento de derechos
(Universidad del Zulia, 2024) Albornoz-Arias, Neida; Ruscheinsky, Aloisio; Mazuera-Arias, Rina; Ramírez Martínez, Carolina
La reconocida migración venezolana en contexto de crisis en dirección a otros países sudamericanos motivó a los autores a sustentar este planteamiento con datos cuantitativos. El objetivo es analizar las razones de éxodo e incertidumbres de los migrantes venezolanos con enfoque en los Derechos Humanos. Para ello, se elaboró y aplicó diariamente una encuesta estructurada a 12.957 personas en un espacio geográfico facilitado por la Oficina de Control Migratorio fronterizo en La Parada, municipio Villa del Rosario, Norte de Santander, Colombia, durante el período 8 de abril al 5 de mayo de 2019. Se realizó un análisis exploratorio, descriptivo, de las variables en estudio, se utilizaron técnicas de análisis multivariado como el análisis de correspondencias múltiples mediante escalamiento óptimo. Como resultado se describió la estructura de relaciones entre las categorías en un plano bidimensional o mapa perceptual. Los marcos teóricos tienen en cuenta una mirada desde las ciencias sociales con un enfoque de derechos humanos frente a la migración, combinado con el supuesto de que el conocimiento se justifica como mecanismo para enfrentar los desafíos socioculturales contemporáneos. En conclusión, se destacan hallazgos que atestiguan un fenómeno de búsqueda de refugio y resistencia, así como la cualificación familiar y profesional.
Low-Income Consumer Behavior: A Literature Review
(ANPAD - Associacao Nacional de Pos-Graduacao e Pesquisa em Administracao, 2024) Contreras-Velásquez, Julio César; Riaño-Garzón, Manuel; Londoño, José Albán; Hernández Ramírez, Jose Antonio; Puente Castro, Raquel; González Parias, Carlos Hernán
Objective: The objective of this literature review is to present the theoretical bases to describe, analyze, and interpret the factors associated with the behavior of low-income consumers. Theoretical Framework: The literature review addresses the concepts of consumer behavior, the factors that influence this behavior, such as psychological, social and cultural factors, and finally the low-income consumer. Method: A non-experimental design of bibliographic research allowed us to systematically review the constructs of consumer behavior, factors associated with consumption behavior, and low-income consumers. A total of 109 bibliographic references were consulted: 71 articles, 31 books, 5 research-results book chapters, and 2 reports. Results and Discussion: The review found that this market segment is heterogeneous due to sociocultural differences in the contexts where they reside. For poverty to be more attractive to the business sector, it is necessary that the proposed solution be sustainable; therefore, it must be profitable. The participation of the State is also important, responsible for the inclusion of public policies that encourage companies to incorporate low-income people as micro-entrepreneurs in their business model; one proposal would be to establish dignified and flexible forms of contracting. It is recommended that business schools include within the content of their undergraduate and graduate programs consumer behavior focused on low-income people, who make up the majority of the market in developing countries, in order to raise awareness among future professionals of the importance of including this segment in marketing strategies. Research Implications: The theoretical content found in the literature review will serve marketing managers to design strategies in the distribution and marketing processes that enable products to be introduced into the low-income consumer segment, as well as encouraging the scientific community from the business field to investigate this market segment. Originality/Value: The bibliographic study contributes to the marketing literature with an innovative approach, by addressing the low-income consumer, an object of study that is often excluded in the business sector, considering that they do not have purchasing power, but that in emerging markets represents the majority. of the population.
Statistical techniques for digital pre-processing of computed tomography medical images: A current review
(ELSEVIER, 2024) Valbuena Prada, Oscar; Vera, Miguel; Ramírez, Guillermo; Barrientos Rojel, Ricardo; Mojica Maldonado, David
Digital pre-processing is a vital stage in the processing of the information contained in multilayer computed tomography images. The purpose of digital pre-processing is the minimization of the effect of image imperfections, which are associated with the noise and artifacts that affect the quality of the images during acquisition, storage, and/or transmission processes. Likewise, there is a wide variety of techniques in specialized literature that address the problem of imperfections, noise, and artifacts present in images. In this study, a comprehensive review of specialized literature on statistical techniques used in the pre-processing of digital images was conducted. The review summarizes updated information from 56 studies conducted over the last 5 years (2018–2022) on the main statistical techniques used for the digital processing of medical images obtained under different modalities, with a special focus on computed tomography. Additionally, the most often used statistical metrics for measuring the performance of pre-processing techniques in the field of medical imaging are described. The most often used pre-processing techniques in the field of medical imaging were found to be statistical filters based on median, neural networks, Gaussian filters based on deep learning, mean, and machine learning applied to multilayer computed tomography images and magnetic resonance images of the brain, abdomen, lungs, and heart, among other organs of the body.
Artificial intelligence for the study of human ageing: a systematic literature review
(Springer Nature, 2024) Bernal, Mary Carlota; Batista, Edgar; Martínez-Ballesté, Antoni; Solanas, Agusti
As society experiences accelerated ageing, understanding the complex biological processes of human ageing, which are affected by a large number of variables and factors, becomes increasingly crucial. Artificial intelligence (AI) presents a promising avenue for ageing research, offering the ability to detect patterns, make accurate predictions, and extract valuable insights from large volumes of complex, heterogeneous data. As ageing research increasingly leverages AI techniques, we present a timely systematic literature review to explore the current state-of-the-art in this field following a rigorous and transparent review methodology. As a result, a total of 77 articles have been identified, summarised, and categorised based on their characteristics. AI techniques, such as machine learning and deep learning, have been extensively used to analyse diverse datasets, comprising imaging, genetic, behavioural, and contextual data. Findings showcase the potential of AI in predicting age-related outcomes, developing ageing biomarkers, and determining factors associated with healthy ageing. However, challenges related to data quality, interpretability of AI models, and privacy and ethical considerations have also been identified. Despite the advancements, novel approaches suggest that there is still room for improvement to provide personalised AI-driven healthcare services and promote active ageing initiatives with the ultimate goal of enhancing the quality of life and well-being of older adults.
Clinical protocols aimed at psychological well-being in adult amputee patients
(Saber UCV, Universidad Central de Venezuela, 2024) Bonilla Flores, Yuly Yohana; Durán-Rondón, Sandra; Forgiony-Santos, Jesús; Riaño-Garzón, Manuel
Limb amputation is a process associated with several factors, including traumatic experiences and medical conditions such as diabetes. Physical rehabilitation is essential to improve the independence and quality of life of amputee patients, as well as their psychological well-being. Losing a limb affects social interactions, individuality, and daily activities; it also has an emotional, social, and cognitive impact that can result in mood disorders, including anxiety and depression, challenges adjusting to new jobs, and a decline in quality of life. Consequently, this narrative review examines the therapeutic approaches and strategies that have improved amputee patients’ emotional states, quality of life, ability to adapt, compliance with treatment, and avoidance of risk behaviors. It has been determined that rehabilitation and cognitive behavioral therapy are crucial for addressing certain aspects and impacting patients’ psychological well-being and quality of life. While behavioral third-generation therapies have shown scientific efficacy in managing depression, anxiety, and trauma effectively, their utility in amputee patients has not been evidenced.
Students’ Perspectives on Social Science Education at School: Toward a Restorative Pedagogy
(Universidad Libre Colombia, 2024) Quintero Patiño, Darley; Jaimes Mendoza, Stuart; Gonzalez-Becerra, Laura_Carolina; Hernández-Niño, Andrea
This study, aiming to foster a restorative pedagogy, explores perspectives on secondary social science education among students from Simón Bolívar University in the city of Cúcuta. The article gathers sources analyzing Colombia’s educational problems in the area of citizenship competencies and social sciences to help understand this epistemological field. Additionally, the restorative effect of students’ education was studied quantitatively based on their recognition of the social science curriculum. An exploratory qualitative research methodology was followed, and analytical categories were established to interpret results and, subsequently, draw conclusions.
Exploring computational methods in the statistical analysis of imprecise medical data: between epistemology and ontology
(AG Editor, 2024) Nieto Sanchez, Zulmary Carolina; Bravo Valero, Antonio José
The accuracy of the results is essential to evaluate the effectiveness of statistical methods in the analysis of medical data with uncertainty. Indicators such as margin of error, percent agreement and coefficient of determination quantified accuracy under epistemic and ontological uncertainty. The stability of the methods was assessed by variation in trend analysis, sensitivity to small variations and model robustness. Data reliability focused on the selection of methods that effectively handle epistemic uncertainty, recording assumptions, sensitivity analysis and internal consistency. Ontological imprecision was quantified using the fuzzy membership degree and the overlap coefficient. The exploration of computational methods underlined the importance of accuracy and the handling of epistemic and ontological uncertainty, ensuring reliable results. The geometric mean filter, with a score of 0,7790, stood out as the best for its accuracy and ability to effectively handle uncertainty.
Comprender la salud para atender la vida: insinuaciones pedagógicas que indisciplinan la relación ciencia–saber para transformar los aprendizajes
(Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander, 2023) Ramirez Lindarte, Maria Daniela ; Hernández albarracín, juan diego; Nieto Sanchez, Zulmary Carolina; Bravo Valero, Antonio José
La reflexión explora la necesidad de repensar la educación y la investigación en salud desde perspectivas holísticas y polivalentes, desafiando el paradigma centrado en la enfermedad. Argumenta a favor de una comprensión ampliada de la salud que incluya, pero no se limite a, la negación de la enfermedad, promoviendo un enfoque más integrador y holístico que reconozca la complejidad de los sistemas vivos. Se discute la importancia de romper los cercos disciplinares y adoptar herramientas lógicas no clásicas para abordar la complejidad inherente a la vida. A través de la insinuación pedagógica que indisciplina la relación ciencia–saber, se propone transformar los aprendizajes hacia una comprensión de la salud que atienda integralmente la vida, destacando rasgos como el optimismo, la espontaneidad, la alegría y la sabiduría. Este análisis conlleva un desafío a los límites disciplinares establecidos, proponiendo nuevas perspectivas que superen las concepciones reduccionistas del cuerpo humano y fomenten una educación en ciencias de la salud que prepare a los profesionales para abordar los desafíos de una práctica centrada en la vida en su totalidad
Parallel ensemble of a randomization-based online sequential neural network for classification problems using a frequency criterion
(Nature, 2024) Gelvez-Almeida, Elkin; Barrientos, Ricardo; Vilches, Karina; Mora, Marco
Randomization-based neural networks have gained wide acceptance in the scientific community owing to the simplicity of their algorithm and generalization capabilities. Random vector functional link (RVFL) networks and their variants are a class of randomization-based neural networks. RVFL networks have shown promising results in classification, regression, and clustering problems. For real-world applications, learning algorithms that can train with new samples over previous results are necessary because of to the constant generation of problems related to large-scale datasets. Various online sequential algorithms, commonly involving an initial learning phase followed by a sequential learning phase, have been proposed to address this issue. This paper presents a training algorithm based on multiple online sequential random vector functional link (OS-RVFL) networks for large-scale databases using a shared memory architecture. The training dataset is distributed among p OS-RVFL networks, which are trained in parallel using p threads. Subsequently, the test dataset samples are classified using each trained OS-RVFL network. Finally, a frequency criterion is applied to the results obtained from each OS-RVFL network to determine the final classification. Additionally, an equation was derived to reasonably predict the total training time of the proposed algorithm based on the learning time in the initial phase and the time scaling factor compared to the sequential learning phase. The results demonstrate a drastic reduction in training time because of data distribution and an improvement in accuracy because of the adoption of the frequency criterion.
Educación sociohumanística en las profesiones de salud en Colombia
(Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, 2024) Oses-Gil, Alejandro; Araque-Castellanos, Franlet; Medina-Ortiz, Oscar
La educación debe fomentar el razonamiento humanístico. Se realizó un estudio de investigación documental del componente socio humanístico en 199 currículos vigentes de Salud en Colombia, de ocho programas profesionales en diversas universidades. Se evalúo en bases de datos el número de cursos, porcentaje de créditos y denominaciones. El componente socio humanístico está organizado en: el 38 % cursos de humanidades; el 27 % asignaturas de Ciencias sociales; el 3,8 % cursos orientados a las Artes y categorías emergentes; el 31,2 % asignaturas en Comunicación, Lingüística, expresión oral y escrita. Los resultados sugieren que los programas de salud integran la formación socio humanística en una proporción reducida y aún se requiere trabajar en un currículo integrador entre lo disciplinar y lo socio humanístico.

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