Representaciones sociales de la salud mental en universitarios en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Pájaro Muñoz, Isis Aydeé
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Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Esta investigación surge en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID19, situación que evidenció la vulnerabilidad emocional humana al enfrentar
la incertidumbre de una cotidianidad confinada. La llamada “nueva
normalidad” impulsó una producción científica con alta predominancia de
enfoques paradigmáticos empírico-analíticos, destacando la necesidad de
abordar a la realidad mediante paradigmas interpretativos que
complementaran la visión de la problemática de la salud mental. El objetivo
del estudio fue comprender las representaciones sociales de la salud mental
en estudiantes universitarios, explorando prácticas emergentes, el sentido de
la vida y el entorno que orientan la comprensión para fomentar la toma de
conciencia del cuidado en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19.
En este este sentido, se consideraron las diferentes concepciones y
perspectivas en torno a la salud mental, centrados en la postura
sociohistórica que indaga las representaciones sociales en la vida en la vida
cotidiana. El enfoque epistemológico que oriento la investigación fue
paradigma histórico hermenéutico, dado que se buscó comprender la
complejidad del fenómeno de estudio, en este caso, las representaciones
sociales de la salud mental desde la experiencia del contexto del COVID-19,
a partir de las narrativas de los participantes. El diseño metodológico se basó
el análisis fenomenológico interpretativo con el fin de describir, interpretar y
compartir de manera participativa la comprensión de las representaciones
sociales de la salud mental. Las técnicas empleadas para la recolección de la
información fueron grupos focales y entrevistas en profundidad. La selección
de los participantes se llevó a cabo mediante un muestreo teórico
intencionado, integrando un grupo de 20 universitarios de dos Instituciones
Universitarias del Caribe colombiano, con edades comprendidas entre 20 y
32 años, que estuvieron matriculadas en etapa de confinamiento y en
aislamiento selectivo.
Los hallazgos se organizaron en dos macro categorías principales: el
reconocimiento de las representaciones sociales de salud mental y la
caracterización de los vínculos entre estas representaciones y la toma de
conciencia del cuidado en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19. Las
representaciones sociales relacionadas a la salud mental revelaron que las
prácticas emergentes como el confinamiento, las características de la
virtualidad exclusiva para la educación y el papel de los ritos funerarios en la
transformación de los duelos fueron centrales. La vivencia del incremento de
la violencia intrafamiliar, el impacto en el desencadenamiento de trastornos
mentales, consecuencias emocionales, la pérdida del sentido de vida y la
percepción de un abordaje deficiente a la salud mental en las universidades
subrayan la necesidad de diseñar e implementar estrategias innovadoras e
intersectoriales de promoción y prevención de la salud mental. Estas
estrategias deberán centrarse en la educación emocional, el desarrollo de
inteligencia emocional, habilidades sociales, resiliencia, afrontamiento,
fortalecimiento de redes de apoyo para empoderar a la comunidad y
fomentar la adopción de estilos de vida saludables en entornos saludables
sostenibles a lo largo del tiempo, aprovechando al máximo el uso de
plataformas en línea, redes sociales y herramientas digitales.
This research arises in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, a situation that highlighted human emotional vulnerability when facing the uncertainty of a confined daily life. The so-called “new normal” promoted scientific production with a high predominance of empirical-analytical paradigmatic approaches, highlighting the need to address reality through interpretive paradigms that complemented the vision of the problem of mental health. The objective of the study was to understand the social representations of mental health in university students, exploring emerging practices, the meaning of life and the environment that guide understanding to promote awareness of care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. 19. In this sense, the different conceptions and perspectives regarding mental health were considered, focused on the sociohistorical position that investigates social representations in everyday life. The epistemological approach that guided the research was a historical hermeneutic paradigm, given that it sought to understand the complexity of the phenomenon under study, in this case, the social representations of mental health from the experience of the context of COVID-19, based on the narratives. of the participants. The methodological design was based on interpretive phenomenological analysis in order to describe, interpret and share in a participatory way the understanding of the social representations of mental health. The techniques used to collect information were focus groups and in-depth interviews. The selection of the participants was carried out through intentional theoretical sampling, integrating a group of 20 university students from two University Institutions in the Colombian Caribbean, aged between 20 and 32 years, who were enrolled in the confinement stage and in selective isolation. The findings were organized into two main macro categories: the recognition of social representations of mental health and the characterization of the links between these representations and awareness of care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Social representations related to mental health revealed that emerging practices such as confinement, the characteristics of virtuality exclusive to education, and the role of funeral rites in the transformation of mourning were central. The experience of the increase in domestic violence, the impact on the triggering of mental disorders, emotional consequences, the loss of meaning in life and the perception of a deficient approach to mental health in universities highlight the need to design and implement innovative strategies. and intersectoral mental health promotion and prevention. These strategies should focus on emotional education, the development of emotional intelligence, social skills, resilience, coping, strengthening support networks to empower the community and encourage the adoption of healthy lifestyles in sustainable healthy environments over time, making the most of the use of online platforms, social networks and digital tools.
This research arises in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, a situation that highlighted human emotional vulnerability when facing the uncertainty of a confined daily life. The so-called “new normal” promoted scientific production with a high predominance of empirical-analytical paradigmatic approaches, highlighting the need to address reality through interpretive paradigms that complemented the vision of the problem of mental health. The objective of the study was to understand the social representations of mental health in university students, exploring emerging practices, the meaning of life and the environment that guide understanding to promote awareness of care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. 19. In this sense, the different conceptions and perspectives regarding mental health were considered, focused on the sociohistorical position that investigates social representations in everyday life. The epistemological approach that guided the research was a historical hermeneutic paradigm, given that it sought to understand the complexity of the phenomenon under study, in this case, the social representations of mental health from the experience of the context of COVID-19, based on the narratives. of the participants. The methodological design was based on interpretive phenomenological analysis in order to describe, interpret and share in a participatory way the understanding of the social representations of mental health. The techniques used to collect information were focus groups and in-depth interviews. The selection of the participants was carried out through intentional theoretical sampling, integrating a group of 20 university students from two University Institutions in the Colombian Caribbean, aged between 20 and 32 years, who were enrolled in the confinement stage and in selective isolation. The findings were organized into two main macro categories: the recognition of social representations of mental health and the characterization of the links between these representations and awareness of care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Social representations related to mental health revealed that emerging practices such as confinement, the characteristics of virtuality exclusive to education, and the role of funeral rites in the transformation of mourning were central. The experience of the increase in domestic violence, the impact on the triggering of mental disorders, emotional consequences, the loss of meaning in life and the perception of a deficient approach to mental health in universities highlight the need to design and implement innovative strategies. and intersectoral mental health promotion and prevention. These strategies should focus on emotional education, the development of emotional intelligence, social skills, resilience, coping, strengthening support networks to empower the community and encourage the adoption of healthy lifestyles in sustainable healthy environments over time, making the most of the use of online platforms, social networks and digital tools.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Salud mental, Cuidado de la salud mental, Toma de conciencia, Representaciones sociales, Pandemia por COVID-19, Bienestar, Enfermedad mental, Estrés mental, Psiquiatría
