Autopercepción hacia el envejecimiento en personas mayores
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Arevalo Ospino, Álvaro José
Fontalvo Meza, Saray Elvira
Palasin Algarín, Nilson de Jesús
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El envejecimiento y la vejez, aunque estén relacionados son conceptos distintos, el envejecimiento es el proceso sistemático y consecuente que vivimos cada día, inicia con nuestra concepción y termina con nuestra muerte. La vejez es una etapa de la vida —concretamente la última— caracterizada por significativos cambios en los factores Bio–Psico–sociales del ser humano. El presente estudio, tiene como propósito principal comprender como es percibido el proceso de envejecimiento y la vejez desde la perspectiva de las personas mayores de 65 a 85 años en la costa caribe colombiana. De acuerdo con los estándares mundiales de crecimiento poblacional y el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida, la población de adultos mayores es ascendente cada día, sin embargo, en materia de investigación relacionada con esta población especifica hay muy pocos contenidos asociados, por tal motivo, es de vital importancia investigar y generar nuevo conocimiento en este campo, entendiendo que el envejecimiento de la población presenta desafíos significativos en áreas como la salud, la atención médica, el bienestar social y la economía. Es menester comprender mejor las necesidades, experiencias y contribuciones de los adultos mayores para poder desarrollar políticas y programas efectivos que promuevan su calidad de vida y bienestar. Para comprender estos factores involucrados en la autopercepción hacia el envejecimiento y la vejez, se realizó un estudio de corte cuantitativo con un paradigma empírico-analítico y diseñó un instrumento de medición en encuesta tipo Likert el cual se aplicó a una población de 80 personas mayores de entre 65 a 85 años de distintos estratos socioeconómicos y de diversos departamentos y municipios de la costa caribe colombiana. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que en general las personas mayores tienen una autopercepción positiva hacia su envejecimiento en esta etapa de la vejez, sin embargo, esta autopercepción responde a valores dependientes de ellos mismos, arrojando así que, en Colombia (Región Caribe) existen factores externos al bienestar y autoimagen percibida que afectan el pleno disfrute de la vejez, uno de los más significativos es la dificultad para acceder a el servicio integral del sistema de salud. Por otro lado, existe una notable diferencia en la forma en como el envejecimiento y la vejez son percibido por las personas mayores de acuerdo con sus ingresos económicos, hallando una relación directamente proporcional entre su satisfacción parsonal y los ingresos económicos. Este estudio resalta la necesidad urgente de desarrollar políticas públicas, sociosanitarias y sociales enfocadas en la cultura del envejecimiento y la vejez, así como de aumentar la investigación en este sector demográfico crucial. Solo a través de un compromiso firme con estos esfuerzos será posible mejorar la satisfacción y calidad de vida de los adultos mayores, abordando de manera efectiva sus necesidades físicas, emocionales y sociales de manera integral e inclusiva.
Aging and old age, although they are related, are different concepts, aging is the systematic and consequent process that we live every day, it begins with our conception and ends with our death. Old age is a stage of life -specifically the last one- characterized by significant changes in the bio-psycho-social factors of the human being. The main purpose of this study is to understand how the aging process and old age are perceived from the perspective of older persons between 65 and 85 years of age in the Colombian Caribbean coast. According to the world standards of population growth and the improvement of the quality of life, the population of older adults is increasing every day, however, in terms of research related to this specific population there is very little associated content, for this reason, it is of vital importance to investigate and generate new knowledge in this field, understanding that the aging of the population presents significant challenges in areas such as health, medical care, social welfare and economy. There is a need to better understand the needs, experiences and contributions of older adults in order to develop effective policies and programs that promote their quality of life and well-being. To understand these factors involved in the self-perception of aging and old age, a quantitative study was conducted with an empirical-analytical paradigm and a Likert-type measurement instrument was designed and applied to a population of 80 older persons between 65 and 85 years of age from different socioeconomic strata and from different departments and municipalities of the Colombian Caribbean coast. The results obtained showed that in general the elderly have a positive self-perception towards their aging in this stage of old age, however, this self-perception responds to values dependent on themselves, thus showing that, in Colombia (Caribbean Region) there are factors external to well-being and perceived self-image that affect the full enjoyment of old age, one of the most significant is the difficulty in accessing the integral service of the health system. On the other hand, there is a notable difference in the way in which aging and old age are perceived by the elderly according to their economic income, finding a directly proportional relationship between their personal satisfaction and economic income. This study highlights the urgent need to develop public, socio-health and social policies focused on the culture of aging and old age, as well as to increase research on this crucial demographic sector. Only through a firm commitment to these efforts will it be possible to improve the satisfaction and quality of life of older adults, effectively addressing their physical, emotional and social needs in a comprehensive and inclusive manner.
Aging and old age, although they are related, are different concepts, aging is the systematic and consequent process that we live every day, it begins with our conception and ends with our death. Old age is a stage of life -specifically the last one- characterized by significant changes in the bio-psycho-social factors of the human being. The main purpose of this study is to understand how the aging process and old age are perceived from the perspective of older persons between 65 and 85 years of age in the Colombian Caribbean coast. According to the world standards of population growth and the improvement of the quality of life, the population of older adults is increasing every day, however, in terms of research related to this specific population there is very little associated content, for this reason, it is of vital importance to investigate and generate new knowledge in this field, understanding that the aging of the population presents significant challenges in areas such as health, medical care, social welfare and economy. There is a need to better understand the needs, experiences and contributions of older adults in order to develop effective policies and programs that promote their quality of life and well-being. To understand these factors involved in the self-perception of aging and old age, a quantitative study was conducted with an empirical-analytical paradigm and a Likert-type measurement instrument was designed and applied to a population of 80 older persons between 65 and 85 years of age from different socioeconomic strata and from different departments and municipalities of the Colombian Caribbean coast. The results obtained showed that in general the elderly have a positive self-perception towards their aging in this stage of old age, however, this self-perception responds to values dependent on themselves, thus showing that, in Colombia (Caribbean Region) there are factors external to well-being and perceived self-image that affect the full enjoyment of old age, one of the most significant is the difficulty in accessing the integral service of the health system. On the other hand, there is a notable difference in the way in which aging and old age are perceived by the elderly according to their economic income, finding a directly proportional relationship between their personal satisfaction and economic income. This study highlights the urgent need to develop public, socio-health and social policies focused on the culture of aging and old age, as well as to increase research on this crucial demographic sector. Only through a firm commitment to these efforts will it be possible to improve the satisfaction and quality of life of older adults, effectively addressing their physical, emotional and social needs in a comprehensive and inclusive manner.
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Palabras clave
Envejecimiento, Vejez, Calidad de vida, Salud, Adultos mayores, Autopercepción