Metodología para la implementación estratégica del clúster turístico en los municipios costeros del departamento de Córdoba: una herramienta de desarrollo territorial
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Fecha
2024
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El territorio cordobés asentado sobre el Mar Caribe, constituido por los municipios de San
Antero, San Bernardo del Viento, Moñitos, Puerto Escondido y Los Córdobas, presenta un
alto potencial para la explotación del sector turístico debido a sus condiciones naturales y
culturales. La tesis doctoral titulada: Metodología para la implementación estratégica del
clúster turístico en los municipios costeros del departamento de Córdoba: una herramienta
de desarrollo territorial, propone el aprovechamiento de este potencial mediante la
formulación del modelo teórico y metodológico para la implementación del clúster turístico
denominado Córdoba Costera: Un Mar de Encanto y Cultura.
Teóricamente se basa en dos posiciones fundamentales, en primera instancia las
relacionadas con el componente económico, en las cuales se revisan los postulados de
clúster (Michael Porter), globalización, desarrollo, organizaciones e instituciones, se debate
sobre las economías de plantación con su modelo esclavista y su relación con el turismo. La
segunda instancia se refiere a la integración de las epistemologías del sur (Boaventura De
Sousa Santos), en este sentido, se exploran discursos sobre epistemología del Caribe en
cuanto a sus identidades, estética, música, religión y modernidad. De forma transversal se
insertan la teoría crítica del turismo, la teoría del poder político desde lo colectivo de
Hannah Arendt, la teoría de los bienes comunes de Elinor Ostrom y la teoría de redes de
Mark Granovetter.
La inclusión e integración de estas teorías llevó a la discusión sobre la dicotomía entre las
visiones económicas y de identidad cultural, explorado en la discusión sobre los impactos
negativos del turismo, dando como resultado una integración teórica y metodológica que
permitió la formulación del modelo de clúster turístico basado en dos componentes:
Tradicional empresarial y Agrocomunitario. Como producto de una nueva perspectiva
teórica se formuló la guía metodológica para la implementación de clúster turísticos,
moldeable y aplicable a cualquier territorio constituyendo una herramienta de desarrollo
territorial que potencializa la cultura e identidad, basado en lo que se denominó
“epistemología social del clúster turístico”. Como elemento importante se desarrolló el atlas
turístico de la zona costera del departamento de Córdoba, el cual se fundamenta en los
análisis de la cartografía como una ciencia espacial que permite representar y organizar el
territorio. La inclusión de la comunidad fue fundamental, el trabajo de campo evidencia el
sentimiento de orgullo de sus raíces étnicas representadas en sus danzas, su raza negra y
cabello rizado. La estrategia metodológica estableció un modelo epistémico hermenéutico,
con un enfoque crítico social, el tipo de investigación es cualitativo, utilizando el método
etnográfico, teniendo en cuenta la integración con la comunidad. Para materializar el
modelo se abordaron cinco fases para desarrollar la investigación: revisión documental con
enfoque teórico metodológico, inventario turístico, aplicación de entrevistas, generación de
cartografía, finalmente discusión y análisis de resultados.
The Córdoba territory located on the Caribbean Sea, made up of the municipalities of San Antero, San Bernardo del Viento, Moñitos, Puerto Escondido and Los Córdobas, presents a high potential for the exploitation of the tourism sector due to its natural and cultural conditions. The doctoral thesis titled: Methodology for the strategic implementation of the tourism cluster in the coastal municipalities of the department of Córdoba: a territorial development tool, proposes the use of this potential through the formulation of the theoretical and methodological model for the implementation of the tourism cluster called Córdoba. Coastal: A Sea of Charm and Culture. Theoretically it is based on two fundamental positions, in the first instance those related to the economic component, in which the postulates of cluster (Michael Porter), globalization, development, organizations and institutions are reviewed, plantation economies are debated with their model. slavery and its relationship with tourism. The second instance refers to the integration of the epistemologies of the south (Boaventura De Sousa Santos), in this sense, discourses on Caribbean epistemology are explored in terms of their identities, aesthetics, music, religion and modernity. In a transversal way, the critical theory of tourism, Hannah Arendt's theory of political power from the collective, Elinor Ostrom's theory of common goods and Mark Granovetter's network theory are inserted. The inclusion and integration of these theories led to the discussion on the dichotomy between economic visions and cultural identity, explored in the discussion on the negative impacts of tourism, resulting in a theoretical and methodological integration that allowed the formulation of the cluster model. tourism based on two components: Traditional business and Agro-community. As a product of a new theoretical perspective, the methodological guide for the implementation of tourism clusters was formulated, moldable and applicable to any territory, constituting a territorial development tool that enhances culture and identity, based on what was called “social epistemology of the tourism cluster”. As an important element, the tourist atlas of the coastal area of the department of Córdoba was developed, which is based on the analysis of cartography as a spatial science that allows the territory to be represented and organized. The inclusion of the community was fundamental, the field work shows the feeling of pride in their ethnic roots represented in their dances, their black race and curly hair. The methodological strategy established a hermeneutic epistemic model, with a critical social approach, the type of research is qualitative, using the ethnographic method, taking into account integration with the community. To materialize the model, five phases were addressed to develop the research: documentary review with a theoretical-methodological approach, tourist inventory, application of interviews, generation of cartography, finally discussion and analysis of results.
The Córdoba territory located on the Caribbean Sea, made up of the municipalities of San Antero, San Bernardo del Viento, Moñitos, Puerto Escondido and Los Córdobas, presents a high potential for the exploitation of the tourism sector due to its natural and cultural conditions. The doctoral thesis titled: Methodology for the strategic implementation of the tourism cluster in the coastal municipalities of the department of Córdoba: a territorial development tool, proposes the use of this potential through the formulation of the theoretical and methodological model for the implementation of the tourism cluster called Córdoba. Coastal: A Sea of Charm and Culture. Theoretically it is based on two fundamental positions, in the first instance those related to the economic component, in which the postulates of cluster (Michael Porter), globalization, development, organizations and institutions are reviewed, plantation economies are debated with their model. slavery and its relationship with tourism. The second instance refers to the integration of the epistemologies of the south (Boaventura De Sousa Santos), in this sense, discourses on Caribbean epistemology are explored in terms of their identities, aesthetics, music, religion and modernity. In a transversal way, the critical theory of tourism, Hannah Arendt's theory of political power from the collective, Elinor Ostrom's theory of common goods and Mark Granovetter's network theory are inserted. The inclusion and integration of these theories led to the discussion on the dichotomy between economic visions and cultural identity, explored in the discussion on the negative impacts of tourism, resulting in a theoretical and methodological integration that allowed the formulation of the cluster model. tourism based on two components: Traditional business and Agro-community. As a product of a new theoretical perspective, the methodological guide for the implementation of tourism clusters was formulated, moldable and applicable to any territory, constituting a territorial development tool that enhances culture and identity, based on what was called “social epistemology of the tourism cluster”. As an important element, the tourist atlas of the coastal area of the department of Córdoba was developed, which is based on the analysis of cartography as a spatial science that allows the territory to be represented and organized. The inclusion of the community was fundamental, the field work shows the feeling of pride in their ethnic roots represented in their dances, their black race and curly hair. The methodological strategy established a hermeneutic epistemic model, with a critical social approach, the type of research is qualitative, using the ethnographic method, taking into account integration with the community. To materialize the model, five phases were addressed to develop the research: documentary review with a theoretical-methodological approach, tourist inventory, application of interviews, generation of cartography, finally discussion and analysis of results.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Caribe, Córdoba, Zona costera, Clúster, Turismo, Cultura, Desarrollo territorial, Caribbean, Córdoba, Coastal zone, Cluster, Tourism, Culture, Territorial development