Análisis de la gestión estratégica de la responsabilidad social en universidades acreditadas desde el enfoque de la teoría de los grupos de interés
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Fecha
2023
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
La presente investigación tiene como propósito principal analizar la Responsabilidad
Social Universitaria en universidades acreditadas desde el enfoque de la teoría de los Grupos
de interés, evidenciando que la RSU es una de las variables más importantes al momento de
revisar la gestión realizada por las instituciones de educación superior en la actualidad y con
un especial énfasis a como estas operan y reconocen a sus Grupos de interés como actores
integrales en el proceso. Paralelamente, la metodología utilizada fue de tipo cuantitativo no
experimental de corte transversal a través de la observación directa con una población y
muestra del estudio con las tres (3) universidades. Las fases desarrolladas durante esta
investigación mostraron en primera medida que, la fundamentación teórica de la
Responsabilidad Social Universitaria RSU (construida desde la respuesta de la IES al
contexto de sus grupos de interés) permea los procesos de gestión estratégica, se representa
en la prospectiva institucional y se evidencia desde la misión, visión, planes, programas y
documentación normativa del sector de la educación superior. En segunda instancia se
determina, desde la perspectiva de los directivos, la incidencia de los grupos de interés
internos y externos sobre la gestión estratégica en el proceso formativo en las universidades
participantes del estudio, proporcionando espacios para el desarrollo de sistemas que
favorecen la formación de competencias profesionales de alta calidad con empatía por la
realidad social demostrando su calidad humana; además de considerar la participación
constante de los Grupos de interés en la relación con la Universidad para abordar los temas
formativos de mejora curricular. Por último, con respecto al desempeño percibido por los
grupos de interés internos, se evidenció la presencia de temáticas ciudadanas y de
Responsabilidad Social en el currículo, la articulación entre profesionalización y
voluntariado solidario, el aprendizaje profesional basado en proyectos y la integración de
actores sociales externos en el diseño de las mallas curriculares; por su parte, desde la
perspectiva de los egresados, sector productivo y el de comunidad se mostró el desempeño
percibido en el ámbito formativo profesional, en ámbito de la formación humana y desde la
apertura con los grupos de intereses hacia el desarrollo formativo. En síntesis, este ejercicio
investigativo servirá aporte del trabajo al acervo de conocimiento y literatura para la
reivindicación y empoderamiento de los grupos de interés en las fases de formulación,
ejecución y medición del desempeño de las políticas y prácticas de RSU, reconociendo como
un ideal una nueva Universidad (como institución) que no solamente se considere abierta a
sus Grupos de interés y se legitime por indicadores de gestión considerados como de alta
calidad, sino que se presente como el espacio idóneo donde ésta pueda ser capaz de generar
el cambio social al que misionalmente está comprometida; mostrando que la nueva visión de
la RSU no puede ser planteada ni ejecutada si no cuenta con grupos de interés involucrados
y realmente informados por las situaciones del entorno, siendo un deber del sector educativo
el velar porque estas condiciones se cumplan a cabalidad.
The main purpose of this research is to analyze University Social Responsibility in accredited universities from the Grupos de interés' theory approach, evidencing that RSU is one of the most important variables when reviewing the management carried out by higher education institutions in and with a special emphasis on how they operate and recognize their Grupos de interés as integral actors in the process. In parallel, the methodology used was of a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional type through direct observation with a population and sample of the study with the three (3) universities. The phases developed during this investigation showed, first of all, that the theoretical foundation of RSU University Social Responsibility (built from the response of the HEI to the context of its interest groups) permeates the strategic management processes, is represented in the institutional prospective and it is evidenced from the mission, vision, plans, programs and normative documentation of the higher education sector. In the second instance, the incidence of internal and external interest groups on strategic management in the training process in the universities participating in the study is determined, from the perspective of the managers, providing spaces for the development of systems that favor the formation of high-quality professional skills with empathy for social reality, demonstrating their human qualities; in addition to considering the constant participation of the Grupos de interés in the relationship with the University to address the training issues of curricular improvement. Lastly, with respect to the performance perceived by internal Grupos de interés, the presence of civic issues and social responsibility in the curriculum, the articulation between professionalization and solidarity volunteering, project-based professional learning, and the integration of social actors were evidenced. external in the design of the curricular meshes; On the other hand, from the perspective of the graduates, the productive sector and the community, the perceived performance was shown in the professional training field, in the field of human training and from the opening with interest groups towards training development. In summary, this investigative exercise will serve as a contribution of the work to the body of knowledge and literature for the claim and empowerment of interest groups in the phases of formulation, execution and measurement of the performance of USR policies and practices, recognizing as an ideal a new University (as an institution) that is not only considered open to its Grupos de interés and is legitimized by management indicators considered to be of high quality, but that is presented as the ideal space where it can be capable of generating the social change to which it is missionally engaged; showing that the new vision of the USR cannot be raised or executed if it does not have interest groups involved and truly informed by the situations of the environment, being a duty of the education sector to ensure that these conditions are fully met
The main purpose of this research is to analyze University Social Responsibility in accredited universities from the Grupos de interés' theory approach, evidencing that RSU is one of the most important variables when reviewing the management carried out by higher education institutions in and with a special emphasis on how they operate and recognize their Grupos de interés as integral actors in the process. In parallel, the methodology used was of a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional type through direct observation with a population and sample of the study with the three (3) universities. The phases developed during this investigation showed, first of all, that the theoretical foundation of RSU University Social Responsibility (built from the response of the HEI to the context of its interest groups) permeates the strategic management processes, is represented in the institutional prospective and it is evidenced from the mission, vision, plans, programs and normative documentation of the higher education sector. In the second instance, the incidence of internal and external interest groups on strategic management in the training process in the universities participating in the study is determined, from the perspective of the managers, providing spaces for the development of systems that favor the formation of high-quality professional skills with empathy for social reality, demonstrating their human qualities; in addition to considering the constant participation of the Grupos de interés in the relationship with the University to address the training issues of curricular improvement. Lastly, with respect to the performance perceived by internal Grupos de interés, the presence of civic issues and social responsibility in the curriculum, the articulation between professionalization and solidarity volunteering, project-based professional learning, and the integration of social actors were evidenced. external in the design of the curricular meshes; On the other hand, from the perspective of the graduates, the productive sector and the community, the perceived performance was shown in the professional training field, in the field of human training and from the opening with interest groups towards training development. In summary, this investigative exercise will serve as a contribution of the work to the body of knowledge and literature for the claim and empowerment of interest groups in the phases of formulation, execution and measurement of the performance of USR policies and practices, recognizing as an ideal a new University (as an institution) that is not only considered open to its Grupos de interés and is legitimized by management indicators considered to be of high quality, but that is presented as the ideal space where it can be capable of generating the social change to which it is missionally engaged; showing that the new vision of the USR cannot be raised or executed if it does not have interest groups involved and truly informed by the situations of the environment, being a duty of the education sector to ensure that these conditions are fully met
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Palabras clave
Responsabilidad Social Universitaria, Universidades acreditadas, Gestión estratégica socialmente responsable, Grupos de interés, Formación académica responsable, University social responsibility, Accredited universities, Socially responsible strategic management, Interest groups, Responsible academic training