Incidencia de la sobrecarga laboral en el desempeño de funciones en el área de la salud en Colombia
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Rodas Niño, José Leonardo
Camacho Bermúdez, Angélica Yulied
Reyes Sánchez, María Camila
Rodríguez Sánchez, Yeinny Andrea
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Esta investigación analiza el impacto de la sobrecarga laboral en los trabajadores de la salud en Colombia, quienes enfrentan estrés constante debido a la responsabilidad de proteger la vida y la integridad de los pacientes. A través de un enfoque cualitativo, con tipología explicativa y método hermenéutico, se determinó que la sobrecarga laboral es consecuencia de problemas estructurales, organizacionales y económicos. La deficiente
administración de muchos centros de salud genera insuficiencia en infraestructura, escasez de insumos, falta de recursos para salarios y déficit de personal, lo que obliga a los trabajadores a asumir más funciones y sacrificar su vida personal. Esto impacta su salud física y psicológica, propiciando despersonalización y riesgo de síndrome de Burnout. Los efectos de la sobrecarga laboral se intensifican por las largas jornadas y la exigencia emocional de la profesión, lo que puede afectar el desempeño laboral y comprometer derechos fundamentales como la salud y la vida. Es imperativo que el Estado garantice condiciones adecuadas para estos profesionales, en concordancia con la Constitución Política de 1991, la Resolución 2646 de 2008, la Ley 1562 de 2012 y el Decreto 1072 de 2015. Finalmente, se proponen estrategias para mitigar la sobrecarga laboral, como la medición de cargas de trabajo y el uso del método NASA TLX, permitiendo evaluar la capacidad emocional del empleado y construir soluciones equitativas que beneficien tanto a los profesionales de la salud como a la sociedad.
This research analyzes the impact of work overload on health workers in Colombia, who face constant stress due to the responsibility of protecting the life and integrity of patients. Through a qualitative approach, with explanatory typology and hermeneutic method, it was determined that work overload is a consequence of structural, organizational and economic problems. The poor administration of many health centers generates insufficient infrastructure, shortages of supplies, lack of resources for salaries and personnel deficits, forcing workers to take on more functions and sacrifice their personal lives. This impacts their physical and psychological health, leading to depersonalization and the risk of Burnout syndrome. The effects of work overload are intensified by the long hours and emotional demands of the profession, which can affect work performance and compromise fundamental rights such as health and life. It is imperative that the State guarantee adequate conditions for these professionals, in accordance with the Political Constitution of 1991, Resolution 2646 of 2008, Law 1562 of 2012 and Decree 1072 of 2015. Finally, strategies are proposed to mitigate work overload, such as the measurement of workloads and the use of the NASA TLX method, allowing the emotional capacity of the employee to be evaluated and equitable solutions to be built. that benefit both health professionals and society
This research analyzes the impact of work overload on health workers in Colombia, who face constant stress due to the responsibility of protecting the life and integrity of patients. Through a qualitative approach, with explanatory typology and hermeneutic method, it was determined that work overload is a consequence of structural, organizational and economic problems. The poor administration of many health centers generates insufficient infrastructure, shortages of supplies, lack of resources for salaries and personnel deficits, forcing workers to take on more functions and sacrifice their personal lives. This impacts their physical and psychological health, leading to depersonalization and the risk of Burnout syndrome. The effects of work overload are intensified by the long hours and emotional demands of the profession, which can affect work performance and compromise fundamental rights such as health and life. It is imperative that the State guarantee adequate conditions for these professionals, in accordance with the Political Constitution of 1991, Resolution 2646 of 2008, Law 1562 of 2012 and Decree 1072 of 2015. Finally, strategies are proposed to mitigate work overload, such as the measurement of workloads and the use of the NASA TLX method, allowing the emotional capacity of the employee to be evaluated and equitable solutions to be built. that benefit both health professionals and society
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Palabras clave
Sobrecarga laboral, Ambiente laboral, Profesionales de la salud, Síndrome de Burnout, Manual de funciones
