Depresión en personas mayores con vida independiente y funcional
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Ascencio Medina, Eduardo del Cristo
Leones Unamuno, Valentina
Martínez Hernández, Luisa Fernanda
Montes Valle, Rosa María
Rangel Gómez, Ana Karina
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La depresión, considerada la enfermedad mental del siglo XXI es una problemática que se ha visto en alarmante aumento en los últimos años, que se presenta por medio de síntomas como presencia de tristeza, aislamiento, entre otros, y aunque existen numerosas investigaciones sobre esta, la cantidad que tienen como eje a la población de personas mayores es escasa, a pesar de ser esta la etapa donde los procesos sociales de adaptación y los cambios físicos y cognitivos suceden de la forma más repentina y en algunas ocasiones hasta brusca, es por esto que se crea la necesidad de evaluar el bienestar de aquellas personas pertenecientes a esta comunidad. Por esta razón, la presente investigación cuenta con el objetivo de describir la depresión en personas mayores que cuenten con una vida independiente y funcional, para esto, se creó la pregunta: ¿Qué relación existe entre el nivel de depresión y una vida independiente y funcional en el adulto mayor?, con esta pregunta se busca entender qué tanto efecto tiene el estilo de vida de la persona (estado civil, ocupación, edad, red de apoyo, enfermedad, entre otros) en presentar un trastorno mental como lo es la depresión. La metodología llevada a cabo para la realización del estudio fue cuantitativa, pues según Sampieri et.al (2014), este enfoque permite la recolección, análisis e interpretación de datos, asimismo como comparar y determinar causalidad. Consecuentemente para el cumplimiento del objetivo y la resolución de la pregunta problema se fue implementado dos instrumentos, los cuales fueron las pruebas: Escala de valoración geriátrica de Yesavage, que según Bacca et.al (2010) detecta los síntomas específicos de depresión en las personas mayores y cuenta con un total de 30 ítems, y además también se aplicó el Examen Mínimo Mental (MMSE), que valora el funcionamiento cognoscitivo y permite reconocer cuándo se podría estar sufriendo de demencia, pues Camargo y Laguado (2017) mencionan cómo evalúa componentes como orientación espacial y temporal, memoria, atención, entre otros. En esta investigación se contó con una muestra total de 115 personas mayores, siendo el 52% mujeres y el 48% hombres que se encontraban en un rango de 65 a 80 años, donde también se tomaron en cuenta otros factores recopilados por medio de pequeñas entrevistas hechas para romper el hielo, factores como el estado civil, si se encontraban jubilados, su ocupación anterior, entre otros. Los resultados de esta investigación, de forma general, demostraron que la población evaluada de personas mayores no presenta depresión ni deterioro cognitivo, excepto por dos casos particulares. Además de ser estos esperanzadores, pues investigaciones pasadas tomadas como referencia demostraban que sí había depresión en el adulto mayor, también se le atribuye a que aquellas personas que tomaron participación en el presente estudio, debido al contexto cultural en el que se encuentran, demuestran contar con una red de apoyo, desde familia, hasta la comunidad de la iglesia a la que asisten. Esto ha demostrado ser crucial en la estabilidad mental de una persona, pues disminuye el sentimiento de soledad, y le brinda a la persona afectada la seguridad de contar con alguien y ser apoyada.
Depression, considered the mental illness of the XXI century is a problem that has seen an alarming increase in recent years, which occurs through symptoms such as the presence of sadness, isolation, among others, and although there are numerous investigations on this, the amount that has as axis the population of older people is scarce, Although this is the stage where social processes of adaptation and physical and cognitive changes happen in the most sudden and sometimes even abrupt way, this is why the need to evaluate the wellbeing of those belonging to this community. For this reason, the present research aims to describe depression in older people who have an independent and functional life, for this, the question was created: What relationship exists between the level of depression and an independent and functional life in the elderly?, with this question, it is sought to understand how much effect the lifestyle of the person has (marital status, occupation, age, support network, illness, among others) in presenting a mental disorder such as depression. The methodology carried out for the study was quantitative, because according to Sampieri et.al (2014), this approach allows the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, as well as comparing and determining causality. Consequently, for the fulfillment of the objective and the resolution of the problem question, two instruments were implemented, which were the tests: Yesavage Geriatric Assessment Scale, which according to Bacca et.al (2010) detects the specific symptoms of depression in the elderly and has a total of 30 items, and also the Minimum Mental Examination (MMSE), that assesses cognitive functioning and allows you to recognize when you could be suffering from dementia, as Camargo and Laguado (2017) mention how it evaluates components such as spatial and temporal orientation, memory, attention, among others. In this research, there was a total sample of 115 older people, 52% women and 48% men who were in a range of 65 to 80 years, where other factors collected through small interviews made to break the ice, factors such as marital status, were also taken into account if they were retired, their previous occupation, among others. The results of this research, in general, showed that the evaluated population of elderly people does not present depression or cognitive impairment, except for two cases. In addition to being these hopeful, since past research taken as a reference showed that there was depression in the elderly, it is also attributed to those people who took part in the present study, due to the cultural context in which they find themselves, demonstrate having a support network, from family to the community of the church they attend. This has proven to be crucial in a person's mental stability, as it decreases the feeling of loneliness, and gives the affected person the security of having someone and being supported.
Depression, considered the mental illness of the XXI century is a problem that has seen an alarming increase in recent years, which occurs through symptoms such as the presence of sadness, isolation, among others, and although there are numerous investigations on this, the amount that has as axis the population of older people is scarce, Although this is the stage where social processes of adaptation and physical and cognitive changes happen in the most sudden and sometimes even abrupt way, this is why the need to evaluate the wellbeing of those belonging to this community. For this reason, the present research aims to describe depression in older people who have an independent and functional life, for this, the question was created: What relationship exists between the level of depression and an independent and functional life in the elderly?, with this question, it is sought to understand how much effect the lifestyle of the person has (marital status, occupation, age, support network, illness, among others) in presenting a mental disorder such as depression. The methodology carried out for the study was quantitative, because according to Sampieri et.al (2014), this approach allows the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, as well as comparing and determining causality. Consequently, for the fulfillment of the objective and the resolution of the problem question, two instruments were implemented, which were the tests: Yesavage Geriatric Assessment Scale, which according to Bacca et.al (2010) detects the specific symptoms of depression in the elderly and has a total of 30 items, and also the Minimum Mental Examination (MMSE), that assesses cognitive functioning and allows you to recognize when you could be suffering from dementia, as Camargo and Laguado (2017) mention how it evaluates components such as spatial and temporal orientation, memory, attention, among others. In this research, there was a total sample of 115 older people, 52% women and 48% men who were in a range of 65 to 80 years, where other factors collected through small interviews made to break the ice, factors such as marital status, were also taken into account if they were retired, their previous occupation, among others. The results of this research, in general, showed that the evaluated population of elderly people does not present depression or cognitive impairment, except for two cases. In addition to being these hopeful, since past research taken as a reference showed that there was depression in the elderly, it is also attributed to those people who took part in the present study, due to the cultural context in which they find themselves, demonstrate having a support network, from family to the community of the church they attend. This has proven to be crucial in a person's mental stability, as it decreases the feeling of loneliness, and gives the affected person the security of having someone and being supported.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Depresión, Persona mayor, Deterioro cognitivo, Vejez sana, Bienestar, Red de apoyo