Impacto de la inflación en el crecimiento económico de las PYMES en el sector manufacturero durante el periodo 2019 a 2023 en Colombia
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Montalvo Rojas, Leidy Keren
Velilla García, Charlene del Rosario
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
Este estudio examina el impacto de la inflación en el crecimiento económico de las
PYMES manufactureras en Colombia entre 2019 y 2023, analizando su efecto en
productividad, competitividad y estabilidad financiera, además de identificar
estrategias para mitigar sus impactos adversos. El sector manufacturero es clave
en la economía colombiana, pero en los últimos años ha enfrentado desafíos debido
a la volatilidad inflacionaria. Factores como la pandemia de COVID-19, el aumento
en costos de producción y las alteraciones en las cadenas de suministro globales
han afectado directamente a las PYMES, incrementando sus costos operativos,
reduciendo márgenes de rentabilidad y limitando su acceso a financiamiento.
Mediante un enfoque cuantitativo y un diseño no experimental transversal, este
estudio analiza datos secundarios de fuentes oficiales como el DANE y el Banco de
la República. Se evalúa la evolución de la inflación y su impacto en el desempeño
de las PYMES manufactureras, formulando la pregunta central: ¿Cómo ha afectado
la inflación a su crecimiento económico en Colombia entre 2019 y 2023? Los
hallazgos indican que la inflación ha sido un factor determinante en la estabilidad
del sector, afectando especialmente a las PYMES más vulnerables. No obstante,
aquellas con mayor capacidad de adaptación implementaron estrategias como
optimización de costos, diversificación de proveedores y digitalización de procesos,
lo que les permitió enfrentar mejor la crisis. Finalmente, se recomienda la adopción
de políticas económicas que promuevan estabilidad inflacionaria, financiamiento,
innovación tecnológica y optimización de costos, facilitando un crecimiento
sostenible con la colaboración del sector público y privado.
This study examines the impact of inflation on the economic growth of manufacturing SMEs in Colombia between 2019 and 2023, analyzing its effect on productivity, competitiveness and financial stability, as well as identifying strategies to mitigate its adverse impacts. The manufacturing sector is key to the Colombian economy, but in recent years it has faced challenges due to inflationary volatility. Factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, rising production costs, and disruptions in global supply chains have directly affected SMEs, increasing their operating costs, reducing profitability margins, and limiting their access to financing. Using a quantitative approach and a non-experimental cross-sectional design, this study analyzes secondary data from official sources such as DANE and Banco de la República. It evaluates the evolution of inflation and its impact on the performance of manufacturing SMEs, asking the central question: how has inflation affected their economic growth in Colombia between 2019 and 2023? The findings indicate that inflation has been a determining factor in the stability of the sector, especially affecting the most vulnerable SMEs. However, those with greater adaptive capacity implemented strategies such as cost optimization, diversification of suppliers and digitalization of processes, which allowed them to better cope with the crisis. Finally, we recommend the adoption of economic policies that promote inflationary stability, financing, technological innovation and cost optimization, facilitating sustainable growth with the collaboration of the public and private sectors.
This study examines the impact of inflation on the economic growth of manufacturing SMEs in Colombia between 2019 and 2023, analyzing its effect on productivity, competitiveness and financial stability, as well as identifying strategies to mitigate its adverse impacts. The manufacturing sector is key to the Colombian economy, but in recent years it has faced challenges due to inflationary volatility. Factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic, rising production costs, and disruptions in global supply chains have directly affected SMEs, increasing their operating costs, reducing profitability margins, and limiting their access to financing. Using a quantitative approach and a non-experimental cross-sectional design, this study analyzes secondary data from official sources such as DANE and Banco de la República. It evaluates the evolution of inflation and its impact on the performance of manufacturing SMEs, asking the central question: how has inflation affected their economic growth in Colombia between 2019 and 2023? The findings indicate that inflation has been a determining factor in the stability of the sector, especially affecting the most vulnerable SMEs. However, those with greater adaptive capacity implemented strategies such as cost optimization, diversification of suppliers and digitalization of processes, which allowed them to better cope with the crisis. Finally, we recommend the adoption of economic policies that promote inflationary stability, financing, technological innovation and cost optimization, facilitating sustainable growth with the collaboration of the public and private sectors.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Inflación, Pymes, Políticas económicas, Producto Interno Bruto
