Análisis de la responsabilidad patrimonial del estado frente a las actuaciones de los auxiliares de la justicia en Colombia
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Hernández Rodríguez, Luis Carlos
Pallares Pérez, Leonor María
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
En el Estado colombiano, tanto en el ámbito judicial como administrativo, las autoridades recurren a los auxiliares de la justicia, quienes, sin ser servidores públicos, ejercen funciones públicas de manera transitoria en el marco de procesos judiciales. Sin embargo, sus acciones u omisiones pueden generar daños antijurídicos que configuran la responsabilidad patrimonial del Estado. El objetivo de la investigación es identificar los elementos configuradores de dicha responsabilidad, determinar qué actuaciones de los auxiliares pueden imputarse al Estado y establecer los eximentes de responsabilidad aplicables en Colombia. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa con enfoque hermenéutico, empleando matrices de análisis documental de normas y jurisprudencia. Los resultados indican que la responsabilidad del Estado por actuaciones de los auxiliares en procesos judiciales se fundamenta en un título de imputación contenido en la Ley 270 de 1996, la cual también establece un eximente de responsabilidad. En otros trámites administrativos, la imputación se basa en la falla del servicio por defectuoso funcionamiento de la administración, permitiendo recurrir a eximentes reconocidos por la jurisprudencia. Se concluye que el régimen de responsabilidad es subjetivo. En el ámbito judicial, la imputación se basa en la falla del servicio, aplicando como eximente la culpa exclusiva de la víctima. En trámites administrativos, se recurre al título de defectuoso funcionamiento de la administración. La diversidad de auxiliares de justicia y su papel en los procesos judiciales y administrativos representan un desafío en la prevención del daño antijurídico.
In the Colombian State, both in the judicial and administrative spheres, authorities frequently rely on judicial auxiliaries, who, without being public officials, temporarily perform public functions within judicial processes. However, their actions or omissions may result in unlawful damages, leading to the State's patrimonial liability. The objective of this research is to identify the elements that configure such liability, determine which actions of judicial auxiliaries can be attributed to the State, and establish the applicable exonerating factors in Colombia. A qualitative methodology with a hermeneutic approach was used, employing documentary analysis matrices of regulations and case law. The results indicate that State liability for the actions of judicial auxiliaries in judicial proceedings is based on an imputation title outlined in Law 270 of 1996, which also establishes an exonerating factor. In other administrative procedures, liability is attributed to a failure in service due to defective administration, allowing for the application of exonerating factors recognized by jurisprudence. It is concluded that the liability regime is subjective. In the judicial sphere, liability is attributed to service failure, with the exclusive fault of the victim as an exonerating factor. In administrative procedures, liability is based on defective administration. The diversity of judicial auxiliaries and their role in judicial and administrative processes pose a challenge in preventing unlawful damages.
In the Colombian State, both in the judicial and administrative spheres, authorities frequently rely on judicial auxiliaries, who, without being public officials, temporarily perform public functions within judicial processes. However, their actions or omissions may result in unlawful damages, leading to the State's patrimonial liability. The objective of this research is to identify the elements that configure such liability, determine which actions of judicial auxiliaries can be attributed to the State, and establish the applicable exonerating factors in Colombia. A qualitative methodology with a hermeneutic approach was used, employing documentary analysis matrices of regulations and case law. The results indicate that State liability for the actions of judicial auxiliaries in judicial proceedings is based on an imputation title outlined in Law 270 of 1996, which also establishes an exonerating factor. In other administrative procedures, liability is attributed to a failure in service due to defective administration, allowing for the application of exonerating factors recognized by jurisprudence. It is concluded that the liability regime is subjective. In the judicial sphere, liability is attributed to service failure, with the exclusive fault of the victim as an exonerating factor. In administrative procedures, liability is based on defective administration. The diversity of judicial auxiliaries and their role in judicial and administrative processes pose a challenge in preventing unlawful damages.
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Palabras clave
Responsabilidad patrimonial del Estado, Régimen de responsabilidad, Títulos de imputación, Auxiliares de la justicia, Eximentes de responsabilidad
