Secuelas psicológicas y estrategias de afrontamiento en víctima de abuso sexual infantil a partir del modelo de dinámica traumatogénicas
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Fecha
2024-09-25
Autores
Casadiego Carvajal, Maryuri Yulieth
Guerrero Bohórquez, María Fernanda
Rolón Sánchez, Luznay Adriana
Vega Sánchez, Carmen Alicia
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Esta investigación explora las secuelas psicológicas y estrategias de afrontamiento en víctimas de abuso sexual según el modelo de dinámica traumatogénica. Enmarcada en el paradigma hermenéutico y con un enfoque cualitativo, busca comprender los motivos internos de los participantes. Se utilizan instrumentos como el consentimiento informado, la observación y entrevistas a profundidad para recopilar información sobre casos de abuso sexual infantil,
validando estos instrumentos para garantizar su calidad y confiabilidad. El proyecto recoge datos mediante entrevistas y observaciones antes y después del abuso. La información se analiza y codifica siguiendo modelos como el de Finkelhor y Browne (1988), el modelo transaccional de Lazarus y Folkman (1988) y la teoría de Echeburúa y de Corral (2006) sobre secuelas a corto y largo plazo. Los resultados se devuelven a los participantes, ofreciendo retroalimentación y apoyo psicológico a través de talleres. Los hallazgos revelan problemáticas a corto y largo plazo, alteraciones en la conducta, emociones, sexualidad e interacción social. Además, se identifican percepciones de las víctimas sobre el abuso, especialmente cuando es perpetrado por un familiar cercano, y la complejidad de estos problemas influenciados por factores como la etapa de desarrollo y las características del abuso y del agresor. Las estrategias de afrontamiento, como el enfrentamiento directo y la evitación, pueden ser insuficientes, reflejando secuelas como trastornos mentales y comportamientos de riesgo a largo plazo. En conclusión, se subraya la importancia de abordar
estas repercusiones de manera integral para ofrecer intervenciones efectivas y personalizadas.
This research explores the psychological sequelae and coping strategies in victims of sexual abuse according to the traumatogenic dynamics model. Framed in the hermeneutic paradigm and with a qualitative approach, it seeks to understand the internal motives of the participants. Instruments such as informed consent, observation and in-depth interviews are used to collect information on cases of child sexual abuse, validating these instruments to ensure their quality and reliability. The project collects data through interviews and observations before and after the abuse. The information is analyzed and coded following models such as Finkelhor and Browne (1988), Lazarus and Folkman's (1988) transactional model and Echeburúa and de Corral's (2006) theory of short- and long-term sequelae. The results are fed back to the participants, offering feedback and psychological support through workshops. The findings reveal short- and long-term problems, alterations in behavior, emotions, sexuality and social interaction. In addition, victim perceptions of abuse are identified, especially when perpetrated by a close family member, and the complexity of these problems influenced by factors such as developmental stage and the characteristics of the abuse and the aggressor. Coping strategies, such as direct coping and avoidance, may be insufficient, reflecting sequelae such as mental disorders and long-term risk behaviors. In conclusion, the importance of addressing these repercussions in a comprehensive manner to provide effective and personalized interventions is emphasized.
This research explores the psychological sequelae and coping strategies in victims of sexual abuse according to the traumatogenic dynamics model. Framed in the hermeneutic paradigm and with a qualitative approach, it seeks to understand the internal motives of the participants. Instruments such as informed consent, observation and in-depth interviews are used to collect information on cases of child sexual abuse, validating these instruments to ensure their quality and reliability. The project collects data through interviews and observations before and after the abuse. The information is analyzed and coded following models such as Finkelhor and Browne (1988), Lazarus and Folkman's (1988) transactional model and Echeburúa and de Corral's (2006) theory of short- and long-term sequelae. The results are fed back to the participants, offering feedback and psychological support through workshops. The findings reveal short- and long-term problems, alterations in behavior, emotions, sexuality and social interaction. In addition, victim perceptions of abuse are identified, especially when perpetrated by a close family member, and the complexity of these problems influenced by factors such as developmental stage and the characteristics of the abuse and the aggressor. Coping strategies, such as direct coping and avoidance, may be insufficient, reflecting sequelae such as mental disorders and long-term risk behaviors. In conclusion, the importance of addressing these repercussions in a comprehensive manner to provide effective and personalized interventions is emphasized.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Abuso sexual, Estrategias de afrontamiento y secuelas psicológicas
