El daño moral en el marco de la expropiación judicial como escenario de responsabilidad extracontractual del Estado
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Fecha
2022
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
En Colombia existe la figura de la expropiación, a través de la cual el Estado colombiano puede obligar a un particular a realizar la transferencia de su predio, de carácter privado, atendiendo a la necesidad y prevalencia del interés general, transacción de la cual recibe una indemnización, la cual se calcula con base en un avalúo comercial vigente del fundo, en la cual no se tiene en cuenta aquel valor agregado que, pueda llegar a tener éste bien, atendiendo a criterios afectivos o sentimentales. Atendiendo a lo anterior, surge el objetivo principal del presente ensayo, el cual propende por determinar si la expropiación por vía administrativa, puede ocasionar un daño moral que derive en una responsabilidad civil extracontractual por parte del Estado y de darse el caso, evaluar en qué circunstancias este perjuicio se hace presente, lo cual deriva en la obligación de ser indemnizado plenamente por la administración. La metodología que se empleó corresponde a una investigación socio-jurídica, con un enfoque cualitativo y con análisis de contenido documental. El resultado obtenido fue que se da la existencia de un posible daño moral, pues la llamada enajenación voluntaria, a pesar de que esta se cataloga como espontanea a intencional, esta es una mera ficción jurídica, pues el consentimiento del enajenante no se encuentra presente en la negociación, pues aun cuando existe la aceptación de una oferta de compra, esta no deja de ser voluntad unilateral e irresistible del Estado por causa de utilidad pública sobre los bienes de un particular.
The figure of expropriation does exist in Colombia, through which the State can force an individual to transfer their private property, attending to the need and prevalence of the general interest. It is indeed a transaction from which he receives compensation that is calculated based on a current commercial appraisal of the estate and does not manifest the added value that this asset may have, based on affective or sentimental criteria. Based on the above, the main objective of this essay arises, which tends to determine if the expropriation by administrative means can cause moral damage that derives in a non-contractual civil liability on the part of the State and, if applicable, assess in what circumstances this damage is present, results in the obligation to be fully compensated by the administration. The methodology used corresponds to a socio-legal inquiry, with a qualitative approach and analysis of documentary content. The results showed the existence of possible moral damage. The so-called voluntary alienation, although it is spontaneous or intentional, is a mere legal fiction, since the consent of the alienator is not present in the negotiation, because even when there is the acceptance of a purchase offer, this does not cease to be the unilateral and irresistible will of the State for reasons of a public utility on the assets of an individual
The figure of expropriation does exist in Colombia, through which the State can force an individual to transfer their private property, attending to the need and prevalence of the general interest. It is indeed a transaction from which he receives compensation that is calculated based on a current commercial appraisal of the estate and does not manifest the added value that this asset may have, based on affective or sentimental criteria. Based on the above, the main objective of this essay arises, which tends to determine if the expropriation by administrative means can cause moral damage that derives in a non-contractual civil liability on the part of the State and, if applicable, assess in what circumstances this damage is present, results in the obligation to be fully compensated by the administration. The methodology used corresponds to a socio-legal inquiry, with a qualitative approach and analysis of documentary content. The results showed the existence of possible moral damage. The so-called voluntary alienation, although it is spontaneous or intentional, is a mere legal fiction, since the consent of the alienator is not present in the negotiation, because even when there is the acceptance of a purchase offer, this does not cease to be the unilateral and irresistible will of the State for reasons of a public utility on the assets of an individual
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Palabras clave
Expropiación, Utilidad Pública, Enajenación voluntaria, Daño moral, Expropriation, Public utility, Voluntary alienation, Moral damage
