Efectividad del protocolo unificado para el tratamiento de trastornos emocionales y comunicación social en un adolescente con trastorno de espectro autista: perspectiva cognitivo conductual
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Fecha
2025
Autores
García Flórez, Lesly Geraldine
Navas Tolosa, Oscar Mauricio
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) se caracteriza por dificultades en la cognición social, conductas repetitivas y sensibilidad sensorial, además de problemas en la regulación emocional. Se clasifica en tres niveles de severidad, desde casos con apoyo mínimo hasta aquellos que requieren apoyo sustancial. El subtipo de alto funcionamiento, asociado a un coeficiente intelectual elevado, enfrenta retos en la interacción social, la expresión emocional y la comprensión de normas, lo que incrementa el riesgo de trastornos emocionales como ansiedad y depresión. En Colombia, la prevalencia del TEA es de 1 en cada 160 niños, pero menos del 30% reciben tratamiento adecuado, enfrentando barreras en salud y educación. El Protocolo Unificado de Barlow se propone como herramienta innovadora para abordar estos desafíos. Combinando técnicas cognitivo-conductuales enfocadas en regulación emocional y mindfulness, promoviendo habilidades sociales, manejo de frustración y reducción de la sobrecarga sensorial. Este estudio busca evaluar su efectividad en un adolescente con TEA, con objetivos de mejorar la regulación emocional y la comunicación social. La intervención incluye psi coeducación, terapia grupal, juego de roles y entrenamiento en habilidades sociales, involucrando a la familia para crear un entorno de apoyo. El diseño del caso clínico sigue un enfoque de línea de base múltiple (A-B-A), utilizando instrumentos como la Escala de Depresión de Beck-II y la Escala de Ansiedad de Beck. Este trabajo destaca el potencial del Protocolo Unificado para reducir síntomas emocionales y fortalecer competencias sociales, promoviendo la adaptación y el bienestar integral en personas con TEA.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by difficulties in social cognition, repetitive behaviors, sensory sensitivity, and emotional regulation challenges. It is classified into three levels of severity, ranging from individuals needing minimal support to those requiring substantial assistance. The high-functioning subtype, associated with a high IQ, struggles with social interaction, emotional expression, and understanding social norms, increasing the risk of emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression. In Colombia, ASD prevalence is approximately 1 in 160 children, though less than 30% receive adequate treatment, facing barriers in health and education systems. Barlow's Unified Protocol emerges as an innovative tool to address these challenges. It combines cognitive-behavioral techniques focused on emotional regulation and mindfulness, promoting social skills, frustration management, and reducing sensory overload. This study aims to evaluate its effectiveness in an adolescent with ASD, targeting improved emotional regulation and social communication. The intervention includes psychoeducation, group therapy, role-playing, and social skills training, involving family members to create a supportive environment. The clinical case design follows a multiple baseline approach (A-B-A), utilizing instruments such as the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the Beck Anxiety Inventory to measure the protocol's effectiveness in reducing emotional symptoms. This research highlights the potential of the Unified Protocol to alleviate emotional symptoms and strengthen social competencies, fostering adaptation and overall well-being in individuals with ASD.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is characterized by difficulties in social cognition, repetitive behaviors, sensory sensitivity, and emotional regulation challenges. It is classified into three levels of severity, ranging from individuals needing minimal support to those requiring substantial assistance. The high-functioning subtype, associated with a high IQ, struggles with social interaction, emotional expression, and understanding social norms, increasing the risk of emotional disorders such as anxiety and depression. In Colombia, ASD prevalence is approximately 1 in 160 children, though less than 30% receive adequate treatment, facing barriers in health and education systems. Barlow's Unified Protocol emerges as an innovative tool to address these challenges. It combines cognitive-behavioral techniques focused on emotional regulation and mindfulness, promoting social skills, frustration management, and reducing sensory overload. This study aims to evaluate its effectiveness in an adolescent with ASD, targeting improved emotional regulation and social communication. The intervention includes psychoeducation, group therapy, role-playing, and social skills training, involving family members to create a supportive environment. The clinical case design follows a multiple baseline approach (A-B-A), utilizing instruments such as the Beck Depression Inventory-II and the Beck Anxiety Inventory to measure the protocol's effectiveness in reducing emotional symptoms. This research highlights the potential of the Unified Protocol to alleviate emotional symptoms and strengthen social competencies, fostering adaptation and overall well-being in individuals with ASD.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Trastorno de espectro autista, Protocolo unificado de barlow, Regulación emocional, Habilidades Sociales, Intervención cognitivo conductual
