Prototipo de un sistema portátil de monitoreo continuo de frecuencia respiratoria y saturación de oxígeno en sangre para el soporte de diagnóstico temprano y seguimiento de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Púa Pantoja, Miguel Enrique
Salas Montoya, Helmunt Junior
Torres Gutiérrez, María Del Carmen
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ingenierías
Facultad de Ingenierías
Resumen
La EPOC es una enfermedad pulmonar progresiva caracterizada por la limitación del flujo aéreo. Se produce cuando los pulmones se dañan de forma permanente y el flujo de aire se ve obstaculizado. Los fumadores o exfumadores y las personas expuestas a humo de segunda mano corren mayor riesgo de desarrollar EPOC. Los síntomas principales son la tos crónica, expectoración y dificultad para respirar. Esta se caracteriza por una progresión lenta e, inicialmente, escasa sintomatología. Esto conlleva un riesgo elevado de diagnósticos tardíos en etapas avanzadas, empeorando el pronóstico y morbimortalidad. Por ello, la detección temprana y monitoreo continuo son fundamentales para aplicar intervenciones tempranas que puedan modular la historia natural de la enfermedad mediante cambios conductuales en los pacientes y tratamientos broncodilatadores y antiinflamatorios. Se diseña y valida funcionalmente una plataforma portátil de telemonitoreo fisiológico continuo, destinada a optimizar el manejo clínico de pacientes con EPOC. El dispositivo desarrollado integra un sensor de fotopletismografia (MAX30102) para adquisición no invasiva de saturación de oxígeno y frecuencia respiratoria en entornos ambulatorios. Los datos capturados son transmitidos de manera inalámbrica a una plataforma cloud, habilitando su supervisión remota en tiempo real a través de una interfaz web. Esta estrategia de "medicina a distancia" maximiza las chances de consecución oportuna de ajustes terapéuticos clínicamente relevantes, se busca una validación funcional que demuestre precisión y exactitud satisfactorias del dispositivo para la evaluación extrahospitalaria de estos parámetros en población EPOC.
COPD is a progressive lung disease characterized by airflow limitation. It occurs when the lungs are permanently damaged, and airflow is impeded. Smokers or former smokers and people exposed to secondhand smoke are at increased risk of developing COPD. The main symptoms are chronic cough, expectoration, and difficulty breathing. This is characterized by a slow progression and, initially, few symptoms. This carries a high risk of late diagnoses in advanced stages, worsening the prognosis and morbidity and mortality. Therefore, early detection and continuous monitoring are essential to apply early interventions that can modulate the natural history of the disease through behavioral changes in patients and bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory treatments. A portable continuous physiological telemonitoring platform is designed and functionally validated, aimed at optimizing the clinical management of patients with COPD. The developed device integrates a photoplethysmography sensor (MAX30102) for non-invasive acquisition of oxygen saturation and respiratory rate in ambulatory environments. The captured data is transmitted wirelessly to a cloud platform, enabling remote monitoring in real time through a web interface. This "remote medicine" strategy maximizes the chances of timely achievement of clinically relevant therapeutic adjustments. A functional validation is sought that demonstrates satisfactory precision and accuracy of the device for the out-of-hospital evaluation of these parameters in the COPD population.
COPD is a progressive lung disease characterized by airflow limitation. It occurs when the lungs are permanently damaged, and airflow is impeded. Smokers or former smokers and people exposed to secondhand smoke are at increased risk of developing COPD. The main symptoms are chronic cough, expectoration, and difficulty breathing. This is characterized by a slow progression and, initially, few symptoms. This carries a high risk of late diagnoses in advanced stages, worsening the prognosis and morbidity and mortality. Therefore, early detection and continuous monitoring are essential to apply early interventions that can modulate the natural history of the disease through behavioral changes in patients and bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory treatments. A portable continuous physiological telemonitoring platform is designed and functionally validated, aimed at optimizing the clinical management of patients with COPD. The developed device integrates a photoplethysmography sensor (MAX30102) for non-invasive acquisition of oxygen saturation and respiratory rate in ambulatory environments. The captured data is transmitted wirelessly to a cloud platform, enabling remote monitoring in real time through a web interface. This "remote medicine" strategy maximizes the chances of timely achievement of clinically relevant therapeutic adjustments. A functional validation is sought that demonstrates satisfactory precision and accuracy of the device for the out-of-hospital evaluation of these parameters in the COPD population.
Descripción
Palabras clave
EPOC, Monitoreo continuo, Dispositivo portátil, Frecuencia respiratoria, Saturación de oxígeno
