Análisis sobre la evolución de la normativa de seguridad y salud en el trabajo asociada a los riesgos laborales en Colombia durante 2020-2024
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Guarín Armenta, Aura Estefanía
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
La seguridad y salud en el trabajo (SST) es un ámbito de creciente relevancia
en el contexto colombiano, vinculado directamente con el bienestar de los
trabajadores y la sostenibilidad de las empresas. El objetivo principal del presente
estudio es analizar la evolución normativa de la SST en Colombia, identificando sus
principales hitos históricos, los cambios legislativos más significativos y su impacto
en la calidad de vida de los trabajadores y el desarrollo empresarial.
La metodología empleada para este estudio se fundamenta en un enfoque
cualitativo y diseño hermenéutico. Se llevó a cabo un análisis analítico-documental
basado en fuentes primarias, como leyes, decretos y resoluciones, así como en
fuentes secundarias, incluyendo literatura académica y estudios previos.
Entre los resultados obtenidos, se destaca que las normativas de SST en
Colombia han experimentado una evolución significativa desde las primeras
disposiciones de salud ocupacional, como la Ley 9 de 1979, hasta las normativas
actuales que incorporan estándares internacionales. La implementación del SGSST en 2014 marcó un hito importante al exigir un enfoque sistemático y preventivo
en la gestión de riesgos laborales.
No obstante, se establecen importantes brechas en la cobertura y aplicación
de estas normativas, particularmente en sectores como el agrícola, el minero y el
informal, donde las condiciones laborales siguen siendo precarias, así mismo, se
observa que aún persisten desafíos significativos en la implementación práctica de
estas normativas, especialmente en el acceso y cumplimiento en los sectores más
vulnerables de la economía
Occupational health and safety (OSH) is an area of increasing relevance in the Colombian context, directly linked to the well-being of workers and the sustainability of companies. The main objective of this study is to analyze the regulatory evolution of OSH in Colombia, identifying its main historical milestones, the most significant legislative changes and their impact on the quality of life of workers and business development. The methodology used for this study is based on a qualitative approach and hermeneutical design. An analytical-documentary analysis was carried out based on primary sources, such as laws, decrees and resolutions, as well as secondary sources, including academic literature and previous studies. Among the results obtained, it stands out that OSH regulations in Colombia have experienced a significant evolution from the first occupational health provisions, such as Law 9 of 1979, to current regulations that incorporate international standards. The implementation of the SG-SST in 2014 marked an important milestone by requiring a systematic and preventive approach to occupational risk management. However, important gaps are established in the coverage and application of these regulations, particularly in sectors such as agriculture, mining and the informal sector, where working conditions continue to be precarious. Likewise, it is observed that significant challenges still persist in the practical implementation of these regulations, especially in access and compliance in the most vulnerable sectors of the economy.
Occupational health and safety (OSH) is an area of increasing relevance in the Colombian context, directly linked to the well-being of workers and the sustainability of companies. The main objective of this study is to analyze the regulatory evolution of OSH in Colombia, identifying its main historical milestones, the most significant legislative changes and their impact on the quality of life of workers and business development. The methodology used for this study is based on a qualitative approach and hermeneutical design. An analytical-documentary analysis was carried out based on primary sources, such as laws, decrees and resolutions, as well as secondary sources, including academic literature and previous studies. Among the results obtained, it stands out that OSH regulations in Colombia have experienced a significant evolution from the first occupational health provisions, such as Law 9 of 1979, to current regulations that incorporate international standards. The implementation of the SG-SST in 2014 marked an important milestone by requiring a systematic and preventive approach to occupational risk management. However, important gaps are established in the coverage and application of these regulations, particularly in sectors such as agriculture, mining and the informal sector, where working conditions continue to be precarious. Likewise, it is observed that significant challenges still persist in the practical implementation of these regulations, especially in access and compliance in the most vulnerable sectors of the economy.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Normatividad, Riesgos Laborales, Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo, Enfermedad laboral, Accidente laboral
