Microbiota intestinal en escolares con sobrepeso y obesidad: Una revisión de literatura
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2021
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
La microbiota es el conjunto de microorganismos que reside en nuestro cuerpo, en cada parte del ser humano se pueden encontrar diversos agentes microbianos de diversa complejidad, adaptados particularmente en cada localización, se ha establecido que el cambio en la composición y abundancia de este conjunto de microorganismos en el intestino de un individuo puede generar susceptibilidades a determinadas patologías o algunas infecciones. Las enfermedades que clásicamente se han relacionado con alteraciones en la microbiota son la obesidad, la diabetes tipo 2, las enfermedades inflamatorias del intestino y las alergias. El objetivo es conocer la relación que existe entre la microbiota intestinal con la obesidad en niños y adolescentes, identificar la importancia de la microbiota intestinal para su funcionamiento normal. Metodología: El siguiente trabajo es una revisión de la literatura con población de estudio niños y adolescentes obesos en edades comprendidas entre 5 - 18 años. La búsqueda se realizó mediante las base de datos Elsiever, Proquest, PubMed, Scielo y ScienceDirect, se escogieron los artículos publicados entre el año 2015 - 2020. Resultados: La Riva A, y et all (2017) publicó por primera vez la asociación de la microbiota intestinal alterada con la obesidad pediátrica y cambios discordantes en las poblaciones de Firmicutes, tras descubrir diferencias significativas en el microbioma entre
niños obesos y saludables. Se ha observado en los sujetos obesos incremento de Proteobacterias, Bacteroides, Campylobacter, Shigella y evidente disminución de bacterias antiinflamatorias, como Akkermansia muciniphila (11). Conclusión: Se evidencio que la alteración en la microbiota intestinal cumple un papel importante en el aumento de peso corporal y de regulación en cuanto a las enfermedades metabólicas. Esta investigación nos revelo que el rango etario que mostró mayor porcentaje de sobrepeso y obesidad relacionada con las encuestas del ENSIN 2015 son de 5-18 años de edad.
The microbiota is the set of microorganisms that resides in our body, in each part of the human being various microbial agents of varying complexity can be found, particularly adapted in each location, it has been established that the change in the composition and abundance of this set of microorganisms in the intestine of an individual can generate susceptibilities to certain pathologies or some infections. Diseases that have been classically associated with alterations in the microbiota are obesity, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, and allergies. The objective is to know the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and obesity in children and adolescents, to identify the importance of the intestinal microbiota for its normal functioning. Methodology: The following work is a literature review with a study population of obese children and adolescents between the ages of 5-18 years. The search was carried out using the Elviever, Proquest, PubMed, Scielo and ScienceDirect databases, the articles published between 2015-2020 were chosen. Results: La Riva A, and et all (2017) published for the first time the association of altered gut microbiota with pediatric obesity and discordant changes in Firmicutes populations, after discovering significant differences in the microbiome between obese and healthy children. An increase in Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, Campylobacter, Shigella and an evident decrease in antiinflammatory bacteria, such as Akkermansia muciniphila, have been observed in obese subjects (11). Conclusion: it was evidenced that the alteration in the intestinal microbiota plays an important role in increasing body weight and regulating metabolic disease. This research revealed that the age range that showed the highest percentage of overweight and obesity related to the ENSIN 2015 surveys in 5-18 years of age.
The microbiota is the set of microorganisms that resides in our body, in each part of the human being various microbial agents of varying complexity can be found, particularly adapted in each location, it has been established that the change in the composition and abundance of this set of microorganisms in the intestine of an individual can generate susceptibilities to certain pathologies or some infections. Diseases that have been classically associated with alterations in the microbiota are obesity, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, and allergies. The objective is to know the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and obesity in children and adolescents, to identify the importance of the intestinal microbiota for its normal functioning. Methodology: The following work is a literature review with a study population of obese children and adolescents between the ages of 5-18 years. The search was carried out using the Elviever, Proquest, PubMed, Scielo and ScienceDirect databases, the articles published between 2015-2020 were chosen. Results: La Riva A, and et all (2017) published for the first time the association of altered gut microbiota with pediatric obesity and discordant changes in Firmicutes populations, after discovering significant differences in the microbiome between obese and healthy children. An increase in Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, Campylobacter, Shigella and an evident decrease in antiinflammatory bacteria, such as Akkermansia muciniphila, have been observed in obese subjects (11). Conclusion: it was evidenced that the alteration in the intestinal microbiota plays an important role in increasing body weight and regulating metabolic disease. This research revealed that the age range that showed the highest percentage of overweight and obesity related to the ENSIN 2015 surveys in 5-18 years of age.
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Obesidad infantil, Microbiota, Microbioma humano, Metabolismo, Microorganismos, Microbiota, Human microbiome, Metabolism, Microorganisms, Childhood obesity
