Causas generadoras del empleo informal en la ciudad de Barranquilla en el año 2018
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Fecha
2021
Autores
López Sierra, Sheyla Andrea
Forero Quevedo, Anyel Valentina
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La investigación está basada en conocer cuáles fueron las causas del trabajo informal en la ciudad de Barranquilla durante el año 2018. Este problema despertó la curiosidad, ya que el 56,7% de los habitantes de esta ciudad son trabajadores informales y que no cuentan con la fortuna de establecer un empleo digno. Esta situación que evidentemente deteriora la calidad de vida para muchas familias. Cuando se habla de conceptualización práctica, se refiere a el concepto o idea que pueden tener personas del común acerca de lo que es el empleo informal, tratándose específicamente de trabajadores, empleadores y abogados, por lo que se encontraran algunas voces del común que nos den una conceptualización de lo que la informalidad es para ellos. Del mismo modo, es necesario adentrarse en la situación social y económica de los trabajadores y las personas que llevan a cabo esta actividad, se considera que estos trabajadores realizan este tipo de actividades por falta de ingresos económicos, sin embargo, actualmente la tecnología le ha abierto las puertas a emprendedores, o simplemente personas que encontraron facilidad en comercializar productos y algunas veces servicios de manera digital y ellos también podrían entrar en la categoría de trabajadores informales debido a que las plataformas digitales no exigen ningún tipo de pago de
impuesto por la actividad de comercialización que se realiza por medio de ellas, y se hace referencia a plataformas digitales como las redes sociales. Se conocerán aspectos como el nivel de estudio de los trabajadores, su estilo de vida, costumbres individuales y familiares, condiciones de vivienda, estado civil, etc., para de este modo reconocer la situación social de los trabajadores y si de alguna forma u otra realizan la actividad para sobrevivir junto a su familia o si viene siendo una actividad que se realiza por que es la manera más sencilla de recibir un sustento monetario. Se pudo dar cuenta de lo amplio que es el concepto de informalidad, puesto que los trabajadores informales también pueden hacer parte de empresas legalmente constituidas o simplemente ser empleados tal como las
empleadas del servicio o niñeras que no reciben ningún tipo de prestación social por parte de sus empleadores. Así mismo, a pesar de que la ocupación en la ciudad de Barranquilla es alta, gran cantidad de ciudadanos ocupados pertenecen a la informalidad, se pudo apreciar también que el estrato social no es un factor importante para determinar la actividad laboral de las personas. Una de las principales causas de la informalidad son las condiciones económicas y las dificultades al momento de conseguir un trabajo formal en la ciudad. También se pudo percibir que en este tipo de actividades el porcentaje de hombres ocupados es mucho mayor a la realización de estas actividades por parte de mujeres, las edades promedio de las personas pertenecientes a este grupo de personas es entre 19 y 25 años, por lo que el factor estudio es importante y finalmente la desindustrialización es la principal causa de la informalidad en la ciudad de Barranquilla ya que trae consigo mayor ocupación en el sector servicios, sin embargo, este sector dispone de empleos netamente informales.
The research is based on knowing what were the causes of informal work in the city of Barranquilla during 2018. This problem aroused curiosity, since 56.7% of the inhabitants of this city are informal workers and who do not have the fortune to establish a decent job. This situation that evidently deteriorates the quality of life for many families. When we talk about practical conceptualization, we refer to the concept or idea that common people may have about what informal employment is, specifically workers, employers and lawyers, so we will find some common voices that give us a conceptualization of what informality is for them. Similarly, it is necessary to go into the social and economic situation of workers and people who carry out this activity, it is considered that these workers perform this type of activities for lack of income, however, currently technology has opened the doors to entrepreneurs, or simply people who found ease in marketing products and sometimes services digitally and they could also fall into the category of informal workers because digital platforms do not require any type of payment of tax for the marketing activity that is carried out. tax for the marketing activity that is performed through them, and reference is made to digital platforms such as social networks. Aspects such as the level of study of workers, their lifestyle, individual and family habits, housing conditions, marital status, etc., will be known in order to recognize the social situation of workers and if in some way or another they perform the activity to survive with their family or if it is an activity that is performed because it is the easiest way to receive monetary support. It was possible to see how broad the concept of informality is, since informal workers can also be part of legally constituted companies or simply be employees such as maids or nannies who do not receive any type of social benefits from their employers. Likewise, despite the fact that employment in the city of Barranquilla is high, a large number of employed citizens belong to the informal sector, it could also be seen that social status is not an important factor in determining people's labor activity. One of the main causes of informality are the economic conditions and the difficulties in finding a formal job in the city. It could also be seen that in this type of activities the percentage of men employed is much higher than the percentage of women performing these activities, the average age of people belonging to this group of people is between 19 and 25 years old, so the study factor is important and finally deindustrialization is the main cause of informality in the city of Barranquilla since it brings with it greater employment in the service sector, however, this sector has purely informal jobs.
The research is based on knowing what were the causes of informal work in the city of Barranquilla during 2018. This problem aroused curiosity, since 56.7% of the inhabitants of this city are informal workers and who do not have the fortune to establish a decent job. This situation that evidently deteriorates the quality of life for many families. When we talk about practical conceptualization, we refer to the concept or idea that common people may have about what informal employment is, specifically workers, employers and lawyers, so we will find some common voices that give us a conceptualization of what informality is for them. Similarly, it is necessary to go into the social and economic situation of workers and people who carry out this activity, it is considered that these workers perform this type of activities for lack of income, however, currently technology has opened the doors to entrepreneurs, or simply people who found ease in marketing products and sometimes services digitally and they could also fall into the category of informal workers because digital platforms do not require any type of payment of tax for the marketing activity that is carried out. tax for the marketing activity that is performed through them, and reference is made to digital platforms such as social networks. Aspects such as the level of study of workers, their lifestyle, individual and family habits, housing conditions, marital status, etc., will be known in order to recognize the social situation of workers and if in some way or another they perform the activity to survive with their family or if it is an activity that is performed because it is the easiest way to receive monetary support. It was possible to see how broad the concept of informality is, since informal workers can also be part of legally constituted companies or simply be employees such as maids or nannies who do not receive any type of social benefits from their employers. Likewise, despite the fact that employment in the city of Barranquilla is high, a large number of employed citizens belong to the informal sector, it could also be seen that social status is not an important factor in determining people's labor activity. One of the main causes of informality are the economic conditions and the difficulties in finding a formal job in the city. It could also be seen that in this type of activities the percentage of men employed is much higher than the percentage of women performing these activities, the average age of people belonging to this group of people is between 19 and 25 years old, so the study factor is important and finally deindustrialization is the main cause of informality in the city of Barranquilla since it brings with it greater employment in the service sector, however, this sector has purely informal jobs.
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Palabras clave
Informalidad, Desempleo, Impuestos, Economía, Derechos, Informality, Unemployment, Taxes, Economy, Rights