Determinación de la incidencia de ansiedad y depresión en estudiantes de medicina e identificación de los posibles factores de riesgo involucrados validados con la escala abreviada de Goldberg
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Fecha
2020-06
Autores
López, Jesús Alberto
Pineda, Hilda Steffi
Varona, Camila Andrea
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Contexto: La depresión y la ansiedad son trastornos mentales frecuente. Estudios muy reconocidos han hecho evidente que una de las categorías poblaciones con mayor incidencia son los estudiantes de medicina, dadas las grandes cargas de estrés a las que se someten. Siendo así, este estudio propone describir las relaciones entre la incidencia de la depresión y ansiedad en estudiantes de medicina, basado en características sociodemográficas y posibles factores de riesgo (consumo de alcohol y drogas).
Métodos: se hizo un estudio transversal o de prevalencia, de tipo observacional no experimental en 400 estudiantes de programas de medicina de la ciudad de Barranquilla, a los cuales se les hizo llegar el cuestionario por redes sociales y medios de mensajería instantánea siendo de respuesta voluntaria. Se utilizó un instrumento anónimo de auto reporte y la Escala Abreviada de Ansiedad y Depresión de Goldberg. Se realizó análisis estadístico descriptivo sobre los datos y se ajustaron dos modelos de regresión lineal múltiple: uno para depresión y otro para ansiedad.
Resultados: 15% de los participantes presentan ansiedad pero no depresión, 11% presentan depresión pero no ansiedad, 65.25% presentan depresión y ansiedad y el 8.75% no padecen de ninguna de las dos. Los modelos de regresión revelaron que para el caso de depresión fueron significativos el género, la edad y el consumo de drogas; mientras que para la ansiedad solamente el género y el consumo de drogas. No obstante, el ajuste que se obtuvo en ambos no permite afirmar que pueden ser usados para predicción dada su baja precisión.
Conclusión: El presente estudio revela que un porcentaje importante de los estudiantes de medicina de la ciudad de Barranquilla presentan depresión y ansiedad comórbida (65.25%), y porcentajes más pequeños padecen ansiedad pero no depresión (15%) o depresión pero no ansiedad (11%). Solamente un 8.25% de los participantes no padecían de ninguno de estos trastornos mentales. Se encontró asociación entre el género, el consumo de marihuana y la edad de ingreso a la universidad con la incidencia de depresión; así como relación entre el género y el consumo de marihuana con la incidencia de ansiedad. Se encontró que en ambos casos las mujeres tienen mayor predisposición. Futuros estudios deberían concentrarse en encontrar otros factores capaces de predecir la incidencia de depresión y ansiedad en estudiantes de medicina de la ciudad de Barranquilla, de manera más precisa y acertada.
Context: Depression and anxiety are common mental disorders. Well-recognized studies have shown that one of the most prevalent population categories is medical students, given the high stress loads they are under. Thus, this study proposes to describe the relationships between the incidence of depression and anxiety in medical students, based on sociodemographic characteristics and possible risk factors (alcohol and drug consumption). Methods: A cross-sectional or prevalence study of a non-experimental observational type was carried out on 400 medical students in the city of Barranquilla, to whom the questionnaire was sent through social networks and instant messaging media, being of voluntary response. An anonymous self-report instrument and the Goldberg Abbreviated Scale of Anxiety and Depression were used. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the data and two multiple linear regression models were fitted: one for depression and one for anxiety. Results: 15% of participants have anxiety but not depression, 11% have depression but not anxiety, 65.25% have both depression and anxiety, and 8.75% have neither. Regression models revealed that gender, age and drug use were significant for anxiety, while gender and drug use were significant for anxiety alone. However, the adjustment obtained in both does not allow us to say that they can be used for prediction due to their low precision. Conclusion: the present study reveals that a significant percentage of medical students in the city of Barranquilla present comorbid depression and anxiety (65.25%), and smaller percentages suffer from anxiety but not depression (15%) or depression but not anxiety (11%). Only 8.25% of the participants did not suffer from any of these mental disorders. An association was found between gender, marijuana use, and college entrance age with the incidence of depression; as well as a relationship between gender and marijuana use with the incidence of anxiety. In both cases, women were found to be more predisposed. Future studies should focus on finding other factors capable of predicting the incidence of depression and anxiety in medical students in the city of Barranquilla, in a more precise and accurate manner.
Context: Depression and anxiety are common mental disorders. Well-recognized studies have shown that one of the most prevalent population categories is medical students, given the high stress loads they are under. Thus, this study proposes to describe the relationships between the incidence of depression and anxiety in medical students, based on sociodemographic characteristics and possible risk factors (alcohol and drug consumption). Methods: A cross-sectional or prevalence study of a non-experimental observational type was carried out on 400 medical students in the city of Barranquilla, to whom the questionnaire was sent through social networks and instant messaging media, being of voluntary response. An anonymous self-report instrument and the Goldberg Abbreviated Scale of Anxiety and Depression were used. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the data and two multiple linear regression models were fitted: one for depression and one for anxiety. Results: 15% of participants have anxiety but not depression, 11% have depression but not anxiety, 65.25% have both depression and anxiety, and 8.75% have neither. Regression models revealed that gender, age and drug use were significant for anxiety, while gender and drug use were significant for anxiety alone. However, the adjustment obtained in both does not allow us to say that they can be used for prediction due to their low precision. Conclusion: the present study reveals that a significant percentage of medical students in the city of Barranquilla present comorbid depression and anxiety (65.25%), and smaller percentages suffer from anxiety but not depression (15%) or depression but not anxiety (11%). Only 8.25% of the participants did not suffer from any of these mental disorders. An association was found between gender, marijuana use, and college entrance age with the incidence of depression; as well as a relationship between gender and marijuana use with the incidence of anxiety. In both cases, women were found to be more predisposed. Future studies should focus on finding other factors capable of predicting the incidence of depression and anxiety in medical students in the city of Barranquilla, in a more precise and accurate manner.
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Palabras clave
Depresión, Ansiedad, Estudiantes de medicina, Alcohol, Drogas