Pedagogía restaurativa para la reconstrucción del tejido social en el postconflicto colombiano
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Llinas Torres, Claudia Del Carmen
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La presente investigación parte de considerar el devenir histórico del conflicto armado en Colombia, sus etapas y sus efectos en el tejido social de la comunidad que han generado un detrimento social en el país imposibilitado el perdón y la reconciliación nacional. El conflicto armado en Colombia tuvo diversos matices que pusieron en evidencia la poca importancia en el respeto y la garantía de los derechos humanos, empañados por un contexto de lucha por el poder político y la necesidad de una reforma agraria que evitara la marginalización del campesino y la inequitativa repartición de la tierra. La falta de debida diligencia por parte del Estado acentuó más la crisis político social que vivió el país y, en especial a las víctimas del conflicto que se vieron rezagadas en el olvido por la poca atención dada por el Estado. Esta situación conllevó a gestar un rencor y desconfianza a las instituciones públicas que se masificó por otros males como la corrupción administrativa, la falta de investigación y judicialización de los responsables, las reparaciones administrativas irrisorias y la falta de estrategias gubernamentales que tuviesen en cuenta a los afectados para la resolución de su situación. Evidentemente, los lineamientos estatales distaron de ser coherentes e idóneos para solucionar la crisis de la violencia en Colombia y evitaron utilizar herramientas pedagógicas acordes al fin deseado por todo el país, la paz. Es por ello que la presente investigación es el resultado de todos estos factores enrutados desde la perspectiva de las víctimas, para que a través de un proceso pedagógico se logre la reconstrucción del tejido social mediante la pedagogía restaurativa.
The present investigation starts from considering the historical evolution of the armed conflict in Colombia, its stages and its effects on the social fabric of the community that have generated a social detriment in the country, making forgiveness and national reconciliation impossible. The armed conflict in Colombia had different nuances that highlighted the lack of importance in respecting and guaranteeing human rights, marred by a context of struggle for political power and the need for an agrarian reform that avoided the marginalization of the peasant and the unequal distribution of land. The lack of due diligence on the part of the State further accentuated the social and political crisis experienced by the country and, in particular, the victims of the conflict who were left behind in oblivion due to the little attention given by the State. This situation led to a grudge and distrust of public institutions that became widespread due to other evils such as administrative corruption, the lack of investigation and prosecution of those responsible, the negligent administrative reparations and the lack of government strategies that took into account the affected for the resolution of their situation. Evidently, the state guidelines were not coherent and suitable to solve the crisis of violence in Colombia and avoided using pedagogical tools according to the desired goal throughout the country, peace. That is why this research is the result of all these factors routed from the perspective of the victims, so that through a pedagogical process is achieved the reconstruction of the social fabric through restorative pedagogy.
The present investigation starts from considering the historical evolution of the armed conflict in Colombia, its stages and its effects on the social fabric of the community that have generated a social detriment in the country, making forgiveness and national reconciliation impossible. The armed conflict in Colombia had different nuances that highlighted the lack of importance in respecting and guaranteeing human rights, marred by a context of struggle for political power and the need for an agrarian reform that avoided the marginalization of the peasant and the unequal distribution of land. The lack of due diligence on the part of the State further accentuated the social and political crisis experienced by the country and, in particular, the victims of the conflict who were left behind in oblivion due to the little attention given by the State. This situation led to a grudge and distrust of public institutions that became widespread due to other evils such as administrative corruption, the lack of investigation and prosecution of those responsible, the negligent administrative reparations and the lack of government strategies that took into account the affected for the resolution of their situation. Evidently, the state guidelines were not coherent and suitable to solve the crisis of violence in Colombia and avoided using pedagogical tools according to the desired goal throughout the country, peace. That is why this research is the result of all these factors routed from the perspective of the victims, so that through a pedagogical process is achieved the reconstruction of the social fabric through restorative pedagogy.
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Palabras clave
Conflicto armado, Tejido social, Pedagogía, Prácticas restaurativas, Pedagogía restaurativa, Armed conflict, Social fabric, Pedagogy, Restorative practices, Restorative pedagogy