Factores asociados al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en estudiantes universitarios del departamento del Cesar
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Gómez Campuzano, Martha Luz
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El consumo de sustancias psicoactivas tiene unas connotaciones, relacionadas con afectaciones en la salud mental, y el desarrollo integral, de las personas consumidoras. Por tal razón, es importante investigar los factores asociados al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en universitarios. Partiendo de la pregunta de investigación: ¿Cuáles son los factores asociados con el consumo de sustancias psicoactivas en estudiantes universitarios del Departamento del Cesar? la cual se le da respuesta mediante el siguiente objetivo general: Comparar los factores asociados al consumo de sustancias psicoactivas para aportar como insumo a las instituciones de educación superior en el fomento del bienestar de los estudiantes universitarios del Departamento del Cesar. Mediante el Paradigma positivista, con
diseño transversal, de tipo estudio ex post facto y alcance comparativo. Los métodos de recolección son cuantitativos: La prueba utilizada son: la de detección de consumo de alcohol, tabaco y sustancias ASSIST V3.0, el Inventario del autoconcepto para adultos AF5 y La Escala Estrategias de Coping - Modificada (EEC-M), la muestra estuvo conformada por 402 estudiantes de 9 semestre, de dos universidades. Los resultados obtenidos se presentan por variable en la universidad pública y luego la privada así: Para el consumo, los estudiantes ingieren más alcohol con un 91% y 98%, así mismo un nivel de riesgo: mínimo del 72% y 68%. En la variable psicológica el autoconcepto se mide por género, los datos presentados son primero los del femenino y luego masculino: hallando niveles bajo para la dimensión social 48% y 63%, emocional 63% y 37% y familiar 46% y 59%, académico 55% y 58% y físico el 28% y 58%. A nivel de afrontamiento se obtuvo que tienen poca empleabilidad las estrategias de: Búsqueda de apoyo social 57%, espera 56%, búsqueda de apoyo profesional 59% y negación 58%. De acuerdo con lo encontrado en la presente investigación se puede concluir que los estudiantes universitarios en el departamento del Cesar tienen un alto consumo de bebidas alcohólicas y que utilizan el consumo como estrategia de afrontamiento ante situaciones que causan estrés, o angustia. Que tienen bajo los niveles de autoconcepto en el factor familiar, social y emocional, coincidiendo con las estrategias de afrontamiento menos utilizadas que son: búsqueda de apoyo social, apoyo profesional y espera. Por otra parte, emplean con frecuencia la autonomía como estrategia de afrontamiento, considerándose capaces de controlar y solucionar todo sin ayuda de terceros. Mientras que a nivel de autoconcepto el factor físico es el de mayor nivel, dado que sienten que los buscan por su físico. De acuerdo a los nuevos conocimientos se recomienda a las instituciones de educación superior y gubernamentales alinear las políticas públicas en pro del bienestar y disminución del riesgo de consumo del grupo etario en la etapa de adulto joven u universitario, de acuerdo a los hallazgos que se aportan en la presente investigación; así como a los profesionales de la psicología pensar en intervenciones desde unas perspectivas integrales que
contribuyan al bienestar de la población desde las diferentes áreas que se encuentran afectadas en los universitarios. A las familias fortalecer el sistema familiar mediante normas, reglas y limites concertados, donde prime la vinculación afectiva y la comunicación asertiva. Los estudiantes que son los estudiados, se les invita a fortalecer sus redes de apoyo y trabajar en el manejo de emociones.
The consumption of psychoactive substances has connotations, related to effects on the mental health, and the integral development of consumers. For this reason, it is important to investigate the factors associated with the consumption of psychoactive substances in university students. Based on the research question: What are the factors associated with the consumption of psychoactive substances in university students in the Department of Cesar? which is answered through the following general objective: To compare the factors associated with the consumption of psychoactive substances to contribute as an input to higher education institutions in the promotion of the well-being of university students in the Department of Cesar. Through the positivist paradigm, with a cross-sectional design, of the ex post facto study type and comparative scope. The collection methods are quantitative: The test used are: the detection of alcohol, tobacco and substance use ASSIST V3.0, the AF5 Self-Concept Inventory for Adults and the Coping Strategies Scale - Modified (EEC-M), the sample was made up of 402 students of 9 semesters, from two universities. The results obtained are presented by variable in the public university and then the private one as follows: For consumption, students ingest more alcohol with 91% and 98%, as well as a risk level: minimum of 72% and 68%. In the psychological variable, self-concept is measured by gender, the data presented are first those of the female and then male: finding low levels for the social dimension 48% and 63%, emotional 63% and 37% and family 46% and 59%, academic 55% and 58% and physical 28% and 58%. At the level of coping, it was found that the following strategies have low employability: Seeking social support 57%, waiting 56%, seeking professional support 59% and denial 58%. According to the findings of this research, it can be concluded that university students in the department of Cesar have a high consumption of alcoholic beverages and that they use consumption as a coping strategy in situations that cause stress or anguish. That they have low levels of self-concept in the family, social and emotional factor, coinciding with the least used coping strategies that are: search for social support, professional support and waiting. On the other hand, they frequently use autonomy as a coping strategy, considering themselves capable of controlling and solving everything without the help of third parties. While at the level of self-concept, the physical factor is the highest level, since they feel that they are sought after for their physique. According to the new knowledge, it is recommended that higher education and government institutions align public policies in favor of the well-being and reduction of the risk of consumption of the age group in the young adult or university stage, according to the findings provided in this research; as well as psychology professionals to think about interventions from comprehensive perspectives that contribute to the well-being of the population from the different areas that are affected in university students. To strengthen the family system through norms, rules and agreed limits, where affective bonding and assertive communication prevail. The students who are the ones studied, are invited to strengthen their support networks and work on managing emotions.
The consumption of psychoactive substances has connotations, related to effects on the mental health, and the integral development of consumers. For this reason, it is important to investigate the factors associated with the consumption of psychoactive substances in university students. Based on the research question: What are the factors associated with the consumption of psychoactive substances in university students in the Department of Cesar? which is answered through the following general objective: To compare the factors associated with the consumption of psychoactive substances to contribute as an input to higher education institutions in the promotion of the well-being of university students in the Department of Cesar. Through the positivist paradigm, with a cross-sectional design, of the ex post facto study type and comparative scope. The collection methods are quantitative: The test used are: the detection of alcohol, tobacco and substance use ASSIST V3.0, the AF5 Self-Concept Inventory for Adults and the Coping Strategies Scale - Modified (EEC-M), the sample was made up of 402 students of 9 semesters, from two universities. The results obtained are presented by variable in the public university and then the private one as follows: For consumption, students ingest more alcohol with 91% and 98%, as well as a risk level: minimum of 72% and 68%. In the psychological variable, self-concept is measured by gender, the data presented are first those of the female and then male: finding low levels for the social dimension 48% and 63%, emotional 63% and 37% and family 46% and 59%, academic 55% and 58% and physical 28% and 58%. At the level of coping, it was found that the following strategies have low employability: Seeking social support 57%, waiting 56%, seeking professional support 59% and denial 58%. According to the findings of this research, it can be concluded that university students in the department of Cesar have a high consumption of alcoholic beverages and that they use consumption as a coping strategy in situations that cause stress or anguish. That they have low levels of self-concept in the family, social and emotional factor, coinciding with the least used coping strategies that are: search for social support, professional support and waiting. On the other hand, they frequently use autonomy as a coping strategy, considering themselves capable of controlling and solving everything without the help of third parties. While at the level of self-concept, the physical factor is the highest level, since they feel that they are sought after for their physique. According to the new knowledge, it is recommended that higher education and government institutions align public policies in favor of the well-being and reduction of the risk of consumption of the age group in the young adult or university stage, according to the findings provided in this research; as well as psychology professionals to think about interventions from comprehensive perspectives that contribute to the well-being of the population from the different areas that are affected in university students. To strengthen the family system through norms, rules and agreed limits, where affective bonding and assertive communication prevail. The students who are the ones studied, are invited to strengthen their support networks and work on managing emotions.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Consumo, Sustancias psicoactivas, Universitarios, Factores asociados
