Retos y oportunidades para la inclusión laboral efectiva de personas con discapacidad intelectual en Cúcuta: un análisis desde la formación, la cultura organizacional y la política pública local
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Leal Montagut, Cristyan Freizzer
Sánchez Dueñas, Luis Arnulfo
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
Actualmente en Colombia la inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad intelectual determina desafíos demostrativos, fundamentalmente en ciudades como San José de Cúcuta, donde se contemplan barreras estructurales, actitudinales y organizativas. Esta investigación, se realiza mediante un enfoque cualitativo descriptivo e interpretativo, con el objetivo de analizar la incidencia de la formación, la cultura organizacional y las políticas públicas locales en la inclusión laboral de personas con discapacidad intelectual, tomando como referencia la responsabilidad social, y laboral que ha desempeñado la Fundación Arduvi. Seguidamente se recopilaron datos a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, revisión documental con cinco grupos de informantes clave: personas con discapacidad intelectual, familiares, equipo de talento humano de la Fundación Arduvi, representantes de empresas privadas y expertos en políticas públicas. Los resultados demuestran que las barreras más significativas son la ausencia de ajustes razonables, la estigmatización y desconocimiento empresarial sobre inclusión laboral. Por consiguiente, los facilitadores identificados son: la existencia de programas de sensibilización, redes de colaboración y adaptaciones personalizadas en la formación laboral. Durante el análisis, se proponen tres lineamientos estratégicos: (1) capacitación especializada y personalizada con currículos flexibles y pasantías supervisadas; (2) fortalecimiento de una cultura organizacional inclusiva mediante adaptaciones de tareas, horarios y reconocimiento de logros; y (3) articulación de políticas públicas y redes interinstitucionales que promuevan incentivos a empresas, cláusulas inclusivas en contratos y trabajo conjunto entre gobierno, sector privado y sociedad civil. Finalmente, se implementa la planeación de modelos inclusivos sostenibles y adaptados al contexto socioeconómico local, favoreciendo un desarrollo social más equitativo en el municipio de San José de Cúcuta.
Currently, in Colombia, the labor market inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities poses significant challenges, particularly in cities like San José de Cúcuta, where structural, attitudinal, and organizational barriers are evident. This research, conducted using a descriptive and interpretive qualitative approach, aims to analyze the impact of training, organizational culture, and local public policies on the labor market inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities, taking as a reference the social and labor responsibility that the Arduvi Foundation has undertaken. Data were then collected through semi-structured interviews, document reviews, and participatory workshops with five groups of key informants: people with intellectual disabilities, family members, the Arduvi Foundation's human talent team, representatives of private companies, and public policy experts. The results demonstrate that the most significant barriers are the lack of reasonable accommodations, stigmatization, and lack of business knowledge about labor inclusion. Consequently, the identified facilitators are the existence of awareness programs, collaboration networks, and customized adaptations in job training. During the analysis, three strategic guidelines are proposed: (1) specialized and customized training with flexible curricula and supervised internships; (2) strengthening an inclusive organizational culture through adaptations of tasks, schedules, and recognition of achievements; and (3) coordination of public policies and inter-institutional networks that promote incentives for companies, inclusive clauses in contracts, and collaborative work between the government, the private sector, and civil society. Finally, the planning of sustainable, inclusive models adapted to the local socioeconomic context is being implemented, promoting more equitable social development in the municipality of San José de Cúcuta
Currently, in Colombia, the labor market inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities poses significant challenges, particularly in cities like San José de Cúcuta, where structural, attitudinal, and organizational barriers are evident. This research, conducted using a descriptive and interpretive qualitative approach, aims to analyze the impact of training, organizational culture, and local public policies on the labor market inclusion of people with intellectual disabilities, taking as a reference the social and labor responsibility that the Arduvi Foundation has undertaken. Data were then collected through semi-structured interviews, document reviews, and participatory workshops with five groups of key informants: people with intellectual disabilities, family members, the Arduvi Foundation's human talent team, representatives of private companies, and public policy experts. The results demonstrate that the most significant barriers are the lack of reasonable accommodations, stigmatization, and lack of business knowledge about labor inclusion. Consequently, the identified facilitators are the existence of awareness programs, collaboration networks, and customized adaptations in job training. During the analysis, three strategic guidelines are proposed: (1) specialized and customized training with flexible curricula and supervised internships; (2) strengthening an inclusive organizational culture through adaptations of tasks, schedules, and recognition of achievements; and (3) coordination of public policies and inter-institutional networks that promote incentives for companies, inclusive clauses in contracts, and collaborative work between the government, the private sector, and civil society. Finally, the planning of sustainable, inclusive models adapted to the local socioeconomic context is being implemented, promoting more equitable social development in the municipality of San José de Cúcuta
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Inclusión, Discapacidad intelectual, Formación, Cultura organizacional, Políticas públicas
