Programa de intervención psicosocial para el bienestar de los prepensionados de la Universidad de La Guajira
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Mejía Freyle, Valentina Michell
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
La presente investigación tuvo como propósito analizar y proponer estrategias de intervención psicosocial orientadas a la preparación para la jubilación, con especial énfasis en el acompañamiento a personas en etapa de pre-pensión. El estudio se planteó a partir de la necesidad de comprender las implicaciones emocionales, sociales y económicas que conlleva este proceso de transición, así como de aportar elementos conceptuales y prácticos que permitan a las instituciones diseñar programas efectivos de apoyo. El trabajo se fundamentó en un marco teórico que integró enfoques de la psicología social, el desarrollo humano y la gerontología, complementados con teorías
sobre calidad de vida, bienestar subjetivo y resiliencia. Se consideraron también postulados de la psicología positiva, la teoría de la continuidad y los modelos de adaptación al cambio, como soporte conceptual para comprender la experiencia de las personas que se aproximan a la jubilación. En cuanto a la metodología, se adoptó un enfoque cualitativo y cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo, empleando entrevistas semiestructuradas y cuestionarios aplicados a una muestra intencional de docentes y personal administrativo de la institución objeto de estudio. La información recopilada fue sometida a un proceso de codificación y categorización, lo que permitió identificar estándares, percepciones y necesidades comunes. Los resultados evidenciaron que, aunque existe una disposición positiva hacia la jubilación, persisten sentimientos de incertidumbre y preocupación asociados a la pérdida de vínculos laborales, el reajuste económico y la reorganización de rutinas diarias. Se constató la carencia de programas institucionales que aborden de manera integral esta transición, así como la necesidad de fortalecer espacios de orientación y acompañamiento psicosocial. Entre los hallazgos más relevantes, se destaca que los participantes valoran la posibilidad de recibir formación previa en manejo emocional, planificación financiera y aprovechamiento del tiempo libre, así como participar en actividades que fomenten la socialización y el sentido de propósito. A partir de estos hallazgos, se propuso un modelo conceptual que articula los elementos clave para la construcción e implementación de programas de intervención psicosocial dirigidos a prepensionados. Este modelo contempla dimensiones como la preparación emocional, la planificación económica, la promoción de redes de apoyo y la participación activa en proyectos comunitarios o recreativos. En conclusión, la investigación no solo aporta evidencia sobre la importancia de preparar a las personas para la jubilación desde una perspectiva integral, sino que también ofrece un marco de acción adaptable a distintos contextos institucionales. La propuesta busca promover una transición positiva y satisfactoria, fortaleciendo las capacidades personales y sociales de los futuros jubilados y garantizando un mayor bienestar en esta nueva etapa de vida.
This research aimed to analyze and propose psychosocial intervention strategies focused on retirement preparation, with particular emphasis on supporting individuals in the pre-retirement stage. The study emerged from the need to understand the emotional, social, and economic implications of this transition process, as well as to provide conceptual and practical elements that enable institutions to design effective support programs. The work was grounded in a theoretical framework integrating perspectives from social psychology, human development, and gerontology, complemented by theories on quality of life, subjective well-being, and resilience. Additional conceptual support was drawn from positive psychology, continuity theory, and adaptation-to-change models, which helped to better understand the experience of individuals approaching retirement. Methodologically, the study adopted a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory approach, using semi-structured interviews and questionnaires administered to a purposive sample of faculty and administrative staff from the institution under study. The collected data underwent coding and categorization, enabling the identification of common patterns, perceptions, and needs. The findings revealed that, while there is generally a positive disposition toward retirement, feelings of uncertainty and concern remain, linked to the loss of work relationships, financial adjustments, and the reorganization of daily routines. The results also highlighted the absence of comprehensive institutional programs addressing this transition and the need to strengthen psychosocial guidance and support spaces. Notably, participants valued opportunities for prior training in emotional management, financial planning, and the effective use of free time, along with participation in activities that foster socialization and a sense of purpose. Based on these insights, a conceptual model was developed to integrate the key elements for building and implementing psychosocial intervention programs aimed at pre-retirees. This model includes dimensions such as emotional preparation, economic planning, the promotion of support networks, and active engagement in community or recreational projects. In conclusion, this research not only provides evidence of the importance of preparing individuals for retirement from a comprehensive perspective but also offers an adaptable framework for various institutional contexts. The proposal seeks to encourage a positive and fulfilling transition, strengthening the personal and social capacities of future retirees and enhancing their overall well-being in this new stage of life.
This research aimed to analyze and propose psychosocial intervention strategies focused on retirement preparation, with particular emphasis on supporting individuals in the pre-retirement stage. The study emerged from the need to understand the emotional, social, and economic implications of this transition process, as well as to provide conceptual and practical elements that enable institutions to design effective support programs. The work was grounded in a theoretical framework integrating perspectives from social psychology, human development, and gerontology, complemented by theories on quality of life, subjective well-being, and resilience. Additional conceptual support was drawn from positive psychology, continuity theory, and adaptation-to-change models, which helped to better understand the experience of individuals approaching retirement. Methodologically, the study adopted a qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory approach, using semi-structured interviews and questionnaires administered to a purposive sample of faculty and administrative staff from the institution under study. The collected data underwent coding and categorization, enabling the identification of common patterns, perceptions, and needs. The findings revealed that, while there is generally a positive disposition toward retirement, feelings of uncertainty and concern remain, linked to the loss of work relationships, financial adjustments, and the reorganization of daily routines. The results also highlighted the absence of comprehensive institutional programs addressing this transition and the need to strengthen psychosocial guidance and support spaces. Notably, participants valued opportunities for prior training in emotional management, financial planning, and the effective use of free time, along with participation in activities that foster socialization and a sense of purpose. Based on these insights, a conceptual model was developed to integrate the key elements for building and implementing psychosocial intervention programs aimed at pre-retirees. This model includes dimensions such as emotional preparation, economic planning, the promotion of support networks, and active engagement in community or recreational projects. In conclusion, this research not only provides evidence of the importance of preparing individuals for retirement from a comprehensive perspective but also offers an adaptable framework for various institutional contexts. The proposal seeks to encourage a positive and fulfilling transition, strengthening the personal and social capacities of future retirees and enhancing their overall well-being in this new stage of life.
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Palabras clave
Jubilación, Pre-pensión, Intervención psicosocial, Bienestar, Preparación para el retiro
