Revisión sistemática de la literatura entorno a los avances de gestión en la evaluación de tecnología sanitaria en salud
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Correa Escandón, Nicolas Esteban
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad Administración y Negocios
Facultad Administración y Negocios
Resumen
Esta monografía presenta una revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre la gestión de la evaluación de tecnología sanitaria (ETS), o en su sigla en inglés Health Technology Assessment, (HTA), con el objetivo de revisar sistemáticamente la literatura existente para identificar y analizar los avances en la gestión de la evaluación de tecnología sanitaria en salud. La HTA es fundamental para la mejora de los sistemas de salud y para avanzar hacia la cobertura universal de salud, Universal Health Coverage (UHC), desempeñando un papel crucial en la toma de decisiones políticas y en la consecución de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). La revisión se realizó mediante una búsqueda exhaustiva en las bases de datos Scopus y PubMed, seleccionando ocho documentos relevantes. Estos estudios destacan los desarrollos recientes en la evaluación de tecnologías sanitarias, incluyendo metodologías innovadoras y su impacto en la calidad de la atención médica y la optimización de recursos. La evolución de la HTA ha permitido una integración más precisa de nuevos enfoques, centrados en la atención sanitaria basada en el valor, que prioriza la efectividad a largo plazo y el impacto en la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Sin embargo, la implementación de estos avances enfrenta varios desafíos significativos. Entre ellos se encuentran el sesgo de selección, que puede comprometer la validez de las estimaciones sobre resultados de salud, y la falta de datos de alta calidad, que limita la capacidad para realizar evaluaciones exhaustivas. La inclusión de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (HRQL) de los cuidadores también ha sido insuficiente en las evaluaciones económicas, aunque es crucial para una visión completa del impacto de las tecnologías sanitarias. Para superar estos desafíos, se recomienda invertir en la capacitación del personal, establecer directrices metodológicas claras y fomentar la investigación para generar datos robustos. La adaptación de metodologías, la mejora de la calidad de los datos y la inclusión de perspectivas amplias en las evaluaciones económicas contribuirán a decisiones más precisas y efectivas, beneficiando a pacientes y sistemas de salud en general.
This his monograph presents a systematic review of the literature on health technology assessment (HTA) to systematically review the existing literature to identify and analyze advances in the management of health technology assessment in health. HTA is fundamental for the improvement of health systems and for moving towards universal health coverage (UHC), playing a crucial role in political decision making and in the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The review was conducted through a comprehensive search of the Scopus and PubMed databases, selecting eight relevant papers. These studies highlight recent developments in health technology assessment, including innovative methodologies and their impact on quality of care and optimization of resources. The evolution of HTA has enabled a more precise integration of new approaches, focusing on value-based healthcare that prioritizes long-term effectiveness and impact on patients' quality of life. However, the implementation of these advances faces several significant challenges. These include selection bias, which can compromise the validity of health outcome estimates, and the lack of high-quality data, which limits the ability to conduct comprehensive evaluations. The inclusion of caregivers' health-related quality of life (HRQL) has also been insufficient in economic evaluations, although it is crucial for a complete picture of the impact of health technologies. To overcome these challenges, it is recommended to invest in staff training, establish clear methodological guidelines, and encourage research to generate robust data. Adapting methodologies, improving data quality and including broad perspectives in economic evaluations will contribute to more accurate and effective decisions, benefiting patients and health systems in general.
This his monograph presents a systematic review of the literature on health technology assessment (HTA) to systematically review the existing literature to identify and analyze advances in the management of health technology assessment in health. HTA is fundamental for the improvement of health systems and for moving towards universal health coverage (UHC), playing a crucial role in political decision making and in the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The review was conducted through a comprehensive search of the Scopus and PubMed databases, selecting eight relevant papers. These studies highlight recent developments in health technology assessment, including innovative methodologies and their impact on quality of care and optimization of resources. The evolution of HTA has enabled a more precise integration of new approaches, focusing on value-based healthcare that prioritizes long-term effectiveness and impact on patients' quality of life. However, the implementation of these advances faces several significant challenges. These include selection bias, which can compromise the validity of health outcome estimates, and the lack of high-quality data, which limits the ability to conduct comprehensive evaluations. The inclusion of caregivers' health-related quality of life (HRQL) has also been insufficient in economic evaluations, although it is crucial for a complete picture of the impact of health technologies. To overcome these challenges, it is recommended to invest in staff training, establish clear methodological guidelines, and encourage research to generate robust data. Adapting methodologies, improving data quality and including broad perspectives in economic evaluations will contribute to more accurate and effective decisions, benefiting patients and health systems in general.
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Palabras clave
Evaluación, Tecnología sanitaria, Gestión, Metodología innovadora, UHC