Factores de riesgo a los cuales se enfrentan las mujeres migrantes caminantes en la ruta Cúcuta- Pamplona: experiencias y desafíos
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Rodríguez Peña, Dalgy Yolima
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Antecedentes: La migración es un fenómeno muy complejo que afecta no sólo estructuras demográficas y las condiciones socioeconómicas, políticas y culturales del país receptor como del país de origen, sino también afecta las dimensiones personales, familiares y sociales de los migrantes, en especial la mujer inmigrante, ya que constituyen uno de los colectivos más discriminados y vulnerables de la sociedad.
objetivo general: Analizar la migración en tránsito desde la perspectiva de las mujeres caminantes en la ruta Cúcuta- Pamplona. En el período de enero a julio del 2022. Y como objetivos específicos: Identificar los factores de riesgo que encuentran las mujeres migrantes caminantes en la ruta Cúcuta-Pamplona. Explicar las situaciones que viven las mujeres migrantes en tránsito en relación con su experiencia de vida. Interpretar a través de sus narrativas los desafíos que enfrentan las mujeres migrantes en tránsito en la ruta Cúcuta-Pamplona.
Para dar mayor relevancia al tema que se está abordando , se trae a colación diferentes autores que sustentan este tema a tratar es así como Diferentes estudios han demostrado que “las mujeres migrantes han enfrentado dificultades concretas en el acceso a derechos a partir de su condición de género, su pertenencia de clase, su origen nacional y su estatus migratorio; dificultades que han sido ignoradas e invisibilizadas a la hora de elaborar e implementar políticas migratorias” (Sanchís,2018)
Materiales y métodos: esta investigación analiza la migración en tránsito desde la perspectiva de las mujeres caminantes en la ruta Cúcuta- Pamplona en enero a julio de 2022 a través del paradigma comprensivo interpretativo buscando darle sentido a la realidad en relación de la comprensión y la interpretación, “en diálogo entre un horizonte de entendimiento y el mundo vital” (Gadamer,2005) en las voces de diez mujeres que cruzaron la ruta “del caminante” que se da a partir del fenómeno migratorio Colombo-venezolano desde el 2015. Se hizo uso de técnicas de recolección de información cualitativa como la entrevista a profundidad para conocer los distintos relatos y la observación participante. El análisis de resultados se dio a cabo a través de la interpretación y el análisis de cada una de las categorías trabajadas, así mismo fue necesario el respectivo análisis de observación participante para los inmigrantes venezolanos. La Discusión contemplo las variables relacionadas con en la migración, el efecto frontero, los factores de riesgo y la ayuda humanitaria así se logró finalizar la interpretación de los aspectos significativos que fueron expuestos por los participantes en el proceso de adaptación desde las perspectivas planteadas.
Resultados: se evidencia como a través de sus propias narraciones, Se detectan algunas condiciones presentes en estas mujeres que van en tránsito por esta ruta, es así como los hallazgos de este estudio muestran como las mujeres llegan a sufrir de doble vulneración uno por ser mujer y la otra por ser migrante. Esta investigación aporta una nueva mirada a la mujer migrante, se logran ver esos factores de riesgo asociados a la discriminación, explotación y violencia, y a la culpa y al desapego, así como resalta el papel central de las mujeres en la construcción y el mantenimiento de los valores, lazos afectivos y discursos de las viejas y nuevas relaciones transnacionales, redefiniendo su situación desde la capacidad y la autoría.
Conclusiones: En la misma medida, analizando los hallazgos narrados a partir de las entrevistas, se logra evidenciar que la totalidad de las mujeres lograron cruzar la frontera de manera ilegal, y que algunas se enfrentaron a diferentes riesgos los cuales se dieron por la misma persona que viajaban con ellas o que de alguna manera están dedicadas al cuidado de las fronteras. Cabe mencionar que, estas mujeres entrevistadas reconocen que han sufrido riesgos, y que así mismo la mayoría se han visto afectadas por el peligro que representa la migración ilegal por trochas. La llegada a Colombia para la mayoría fue segura, reconocen que la xenofobia sí se evidencia como un problema latente, precisamente porque, aunque estas no han sido víctimas directas de este problema, sí reconocen que la condición de ser venezolanas por un único motivo, que es su procedencia, son excluidas. Los riesgos en el país por ser migrante, que sufren a diario las mujeres, están relacionados de manera directa con los imaginarios de las personas. En la cotidianidad estas mujeres argumentan ser discriminadas y sus derechos vulnerados.
Background: Migration is a very complex phenomenon that affects not only demographic structures and the socioeconomic, political and cultural conditions of the receiving country as well as the country of origin, but also affects the personal, family and social dimensions of migrants, especially women. immigrant, since they constitute one of the most discriminated and vulnerable groups in society. general objective: To analyze migration in transit from the perspective of women walkers on the Cúcuta-Pamplona route. In the period from January to July 2022. And as specific objectives: Identify the risk factors encountered by migrant women who walk on the Cúcuta-Pamplona route. Explain the situations experienced by migrant women in transit in relation to their life experience. Interpret through their narratives the challenges faced by migrant women in transit on the Cúcuta-Pamplona route. To give greater relevance to the issue being addressed, different authors are brought up who support this issue to be addressed, as well as Different studies have shown that "migrant women have faced specific difficulties in accessing rights based on their status as gender, class membership, national origin, and immigration status; difficulties that have been ignored and made invisible when developing and implementing migration policies” (Sanchís, 2018) Materials and methods: this research analyzes migration in transit from the perspective of women walkers on the Cúcuta-Pamplona route from January to July 2022 through the comprehensive interpretive paradigm seeking to make sense of reality in relation to understanding and interpretation. , "in dialogue between a horizon of understanding and the vital world" (Gadamer, 2005) in the voices of ten women who crossed the route "of the walker" that occurs from the Colombian-Venezuelan migratory phenomenon since 2015. It was made use of qualitative data collection techniques such as in-depth interviews to learn about the different stories and participant observation. The analysis of results was carried out through the interpretation and analysis of each of the categories worked on, likewise the respective participant observation analysis was necessary for Venezuelan immigrants. The Discussion contemplated the variables related to migration, the border effect, risk factors and humanitarian aid, thus it was possible to finalize the interpretation of the significant aspects that were exposed by the participants in the adaptation process from the perspectives raised. Results: it is evidenced that through their own narrations, some conditions present in these women who are in transit along this route are detected, this is how the findings of this study show how women come to suffer from double violation one for being a woman and the other for being a migrant. This research provides a new look at migrant women, it is possible to see those risk factors associated with discrimination, exploitation and violence, and with guilt and detachment, as well as highlighting the central role of women in the construction and maintenance of the values, affective ties and discourses of the old and new transnational relations, redefining their situation from the capacity and authorship. Conclusions: To the same extent, analyzing the findings narrated from the interviews, it is possible to show that all the women managed to cross the border illegally, and that some faced different risks which were given by the same person. who traveled with them or who are somehow dedicated to the care of the borders. It is worth mentioning that these women interviewed recognize that they have suffered risks, and that most of them have also been affected by the danger posed by illegal migration by trails. The arrival in Colombia for the majority was safe, they recognize that xenophobia is indeed evident as a latent problem, precisely because, although they have not been direct victims of this problem, they do recognize that the condition of being Venezuelan for a single reason, that is their origin, they are excluded. The risks in the country for being a migrant, which women suffer daily, are directly related to people's imaginaries. In everyday life, these women argue that they are discriminated against and their rights violated
Background: Migration is a very complex phenomenon that affects not only demographic structures and the socioeconomic, political and cultural conditions of the receiving country as well as the country of origin, but also affects the personal, family and social dimensions of migrants, especially women. immigrant, since they constitute one of the most discriminated and vulnerable groups in society. general objective: To analyze migration in transit from the perspective of women walkers on the Cúcuta-Pamplona route. In the period from January to July 2022. And as specific objectives: Identify the risk factors encountered by migrant women who walk on the Cúcuta-Pamplona route. Explain the situations experienced by migrant women in transit in relation to their life experience. Interpret through their narratives the challenges faced by migrant women in transit on the Cúcuta-Pamplona route. To give greater relevance to the issue being addressed, different authors are brought up who support this issue to be addressed, as well as Different studies have shown that "migrant women have faced specific difficulties in accessing rights based on their status as gender, class membership, national origin, and immigration status; difficulties that have been ignored and made invisible when developing and implementing migration policies” (Sanchís, 2018) Materials and methods: this research analyzes migration in transit from the perspective of women walkers on the Cúcuta-Pamplona route from January to July 2022 through the comprehensive interpretive paradigm seeking to make sense of reality in relation to understanding and interpretation. , "in dialogue between a horizon of understanding and the vital world" (Gadamer, 2005) in the voices of ten women who crossed the route "of the walker" that occurs from the Colombian-Venezuelan migratory phenomenon since 2015. It was made use of qualitative data collection techniques such as in-depth interviews to learn about the different stories and participant observation. The analysis of results was carried out through the interpretation and analysis of each of the categories worked on, likewise the respective participant observation analysis was necessary for Venezuelan immigrants. The Discussion contemplated the variables related to migration, the border effect, risk factors and humanitarian aid, thus it was possible to finalize the interpretation of the significant aspects that were exposed by the participants in the adaptation process from the perspectives raised. Results: it is evidenced that through their own narrations, some conditions present in these women who are in transit along this route are detected, this is how the findings of this study show how women come to suffer from double violation one for being a woman and the other for being a migrant. This research provides a new look at migrant women, it is possible to see those risk factors associated with discrimination, exploitation and violence, and with guilt and detachment, as well as highlighting the central role of women in the construction and maintenance of the values, affective ties and discourses of the old and new transnational relations, redefining their situation from the capacity and authorship. Conclusions: To the same extent, analyzing the findings narrated from the interviews, it is possible to show that all the women managed to cross the border illegally, and that some faced different risks which were given by the same person. who traveled with them or who are somehow dedicated to the care of the borders. It is worth mentioning that these women interviewed recognize that they have suffered risks, and that most of them have also been affected by the danger posed by illegal migration by trails. The arrival in Colombia for the majority was safe, they recognize that xenophobia is indeed evident as a latent problem, precisely because, although they have not been direct victims of this problem, they do recognize that the condition of being Venezuelan for a single reason, that is their origin, they are excluded. The risks in the country for being a migrant, which women suffer daily, are directly related to people's imaginaries. In everyday life, these women argue that they are discriminated against and their rights violated
Descripción
Palabras clave
Migración, Factores de riesgo, Genero, Mujer, Migration, Risk factors, Gender, Woman
