Abordaje desde el modelo cognitivo comportamental para el tratamiento de la depresión en adolescentes: revisión de intervenciones basadas en evidencia
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Aristizábal Zuluaga, Valentina
Palmar Barliza, Katherin Davianiis
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La depresión en la adolescencia es un trastorno de salud mental que afecta el estado de ánimo y el bienestar de un joven. Se caracteriza por sentimientos persistentes de tristeza, vacío o desesperanza que pueden durar semanas o meses. Esta monografía examina las intervenciones del modelo cognitivo- conductual (TCC) para el tratamiento de la depresión en adolescentes desde 2019 hasta 2023. El objetivo general es revisar y evaluar las intervenciones basadas en este modelo, usando una metodología de revisión sistemática conforme al modelo PRISMA. Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva utilizando descriptores específicos en la base de datos EBSCO. Se encontraron inicialmente (n=81) documentos relevantes, de los cuales (n=69) pasaron el proceso de tamizaje inicial donde (n=15) cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión establecidos. Los resultados corroboran la efectividad de la terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC) en diversas modalidades y contextos geográficos, con resultados significativos que demuestran su eficacia en el tratamiento de la depresión en adolescentes. Los estudios incluidos abarcan una variedad de enfoques, desde intervenciones grupales hasta modalidades en línea, y destacan la adaptabilidad de la TCC a diferentes entornos culturales y sociales, utilizando técnicas específicas de la TCC, como la reestructuración cognitiva, la exposición gradual, la psicoeducación, y la integración de prácticas de mindfulness. Muchos de los estudios revisados indican que la TCC ha sido implementada de diversas maneras, ya sea en entornos escolares, clínicos o a través de plataformas digitales. Por ejemplo, se han utilizado intervenciones que combinan sesiones grupales y actividades prácticas, así como enfoques en línea que permiten una mayor accesibilidad a los adolescentes que, de otro modo, tendrían dificultades para recibir tratamiento. A pesar de la efectividad general de la TCC, los hallazgos sugieren que existe una falta de estudios específicos en contextos como el colombiano, lo que plantea un reto importante para la adaptación de estas intervenciones a las realidades locales. Los estudios revisados demuestran que la TCC no solo es efectiva para reducir los síntomas de depresión, sino que también puede ser un medio para mejorar el bienestar emocional y la funcionalidad general de los adolescentes. La variabilidad en la metodología y la eficacia reportada entre los estudios resalta la importancia de personalizar las intervenciones para abordar las necesidades específicas de cada grupo. Las principales conclusiones subrayan la necesidad de más investigaciones localizadas y de evaluar la implementación de diversas modalidades terapéuticas en contextos específicos para mejorar el tratamiento de la depresión en adolescentes. Esto incluye la consideración de factores socioculturales, el acceso a servicios de salud mental, y la formación de profesionales que puedan adaptar la TCC a las particularidades de las poblaciones locales. En este sentido, el desarrollo de estudios enfocados en contextos como el colombiano es esencial para garantizar que las intervenciones sean relevantes y efectivas, contribuyendo así a la mejora del tratamiento de la depresión en los adolescentes de la región.
Depression in adolescence is a mental health disorder that affects a young person's mood and well-being. It is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness that can last for weeks or months. This monograph examines cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions for the treatment of depression in adolescents from 2019 to 2023. The overall objective is to review and evaluate interventions based on this model, using a systematic review methodology according to the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search was conducted using specific descriptors in the EBSCO database. Initially, (n=81) relevant documents were found, of which (n=69) passed the initial screening process, and (n=15) met the established inclusion criteria. The results corroborate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) across various modalities and geographic contexts, with significant outcomes demonstrating its efficacy in treating adolescent depression. The included studies encompass a variety of approaches, from group interventions to online modalities, highlighting the adaptability of CBT to different cultural and social environments, employing specific CBT techniques such as cognitive restructuring, gradual exposure, psychoeducation, and the integration of mindfulness practices. Many of the reviewed studies indicate that CBT has been implemented in various ways, whether in school, clinical settings, or through digital platforms. For instance, interventions combining group sessions with practical activities have been utilized, as well as online approaches that provide greater accessibility for adolescents who might otherwise face difficulties in receiving treatment. Despite the overall effectiveness of CBT, the findings suggest a lack of specific studies in contexts like Colombia, posing a significant challenge for adapting these interventions to local realities. The reviewed studies demonstrate that CBT is not only effective in reducing symptoms of depression but can also serve as a means to improve emotional well-being and overall functioning in adolescents. The variability in methodology and reported effectiveness across studies underscores the importance of personalizing interventions to address the specific needs of each group. The main conclusions emphasize the need for more localized research and the evaluation of the implementation of various therapeutic modalities in specific contexts to enhance the treatment of depression in adolescents. This includes considering sociocultural factors, access to mental health services, and the training of professionals who can adapt CBT to the particularities of local populations. In this regard, developing studies focused on contexts such as Colombia is essential to ensure that interventions are relevant and effective, thereby contributing to improved treatment of depression in adolescents in the region.
Depression in adolescence is a mental health disorder that affects a young person's mood and well-being. It is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, emptiness, or hopelessness that can last for weeks or months. This monograph examines cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions for the treatment of depression in adolescents from 2019 to 2023. The overall objective is to review and evaluate interventions based on this model, using a systematic review methodology according to the PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive search was conducted using specific descriptors in the EBSCO database. Initially, (n=81) relevant documents were found, of which (n=69) passed the initial screening process, and (n=15) met the established inclusion criteria. The results corroborate the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) across various modalities and geographic contexts, with significant outcomes demonstrating its efficacy in treating adolescent depression. The included studies encompass a variety of approaches, from group interventions to online modalities, highlighting the adaptability of CBT to different cultural and social environments, employing specific CBT techniques such as cognitive restructuring, gradual exposure, psychoeducation, and the integration of mindfulness practices. Many of the reviewed studies indicate that CBT has been implemented in various ways, whether in school, clinical settings, or through digital platforms. For instance, interventions combining group sessions with practical activities have been utilized, as well as online approaches that provide greater accessibility for adolescents who might otherwise face difficulties in receiving treatment. Despite the overall effectiveness of CBT, the findings suggest a lack of specific studies in contexts like Colombia, posing a significant challenge for adapting these interventions to local realities. The reviewed studies demonstrate that CBT is not only effective in reducing symptoms of depression but can also serve as a means to improve emotional well-being and overall functioning in adolescents. The variability in methodology and reported effectiveness across studies underscores the importance of personalizing interventions to address the specific needs of each group. The main conclusions emphasize the need for more localized research and the evaluation of the implementation of various therapeutic modalities in specific contexts to enhance the treatment of depression in adolescents. This includes considering sociocultural factors, access to mental health services, and the training of professionals who can adapt CBT to the particularities of local populations. In this regard, developing studies focused on contexts such as Colombia is essential to ensure that interventions are relevant and effective, thereby contributing to improved treatment of depression in adolescents in the region.
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Palabras clave
Terapia cognitivo-conductual, Depresión, Adolescente, Intervenciones, Efectividad