Negocios jurídicos internacionales en la era digital: fortaleciendo el marco jurídico colombiano para competir globalmente
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Guevara Cerquera, Emily
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La investigación analizó la coherencia entre el marco jurídico colombianos y los estándares internacionales con respecto al uso de herramientas electrónicas en la celebración y ejecución de negocios jurídicos internacionales. Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo bajo el paradigma interpretativo y diseño hermenéutico, sustentado en el análisis documental de leyes, tratados, jurisprudencia y doctrina especializada. Esta metodología permitió interpretar con mayor facilidad los efectos de la digitalización sobre la seguridad jurídica, la equivalencia funcional y la armonización normativa.
Los resultados obtenidos dieron evidencia de que, aunque Colombia reconoce la validez jurídica de los mensaje y firmas electrónicas mediante la Ley 527 de 1999 y el Decreto 2365 de 2012, la falta de adhesión a la Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el uso de las Comunicaciones Electrónicas en los Contratos Internacionales (2005), genera un desfase regulatorio que limita la interoperabilidad jurídica y afecta de manera relevante a la competitividad internacional. En consecuencia, se propone avanzar en la ratificación del instrumento mencionado, actualizar la normativa sobre certificaciones y medios electrónicos, e implementar mecanismos de resolución de disputas en línea (ODR) conforme a las recomendaciones de la CNUDMI.
Para concluir, la ratificación de la Convención representa una gran oportunidad estratégica para fortalecer la inserción de Colombia en la economía digital, aumentar la confianza en las transacciones electrónicas internacionales y consolidar un liderazgo jurídico en el comercio global del Siglo XXI.
The research analyzed the coherence between the Colombian legal framework and international standards regarding the use of electronic tools in the negotiation and execution of international legal transactions.A qualitative approach was used under the interpretive paradigm and hermeneutic design, based on the documentary analysis of laws, treaties, jurisprudence, and specialized doctrine. This methodology facilitated the interpretation of the effects of digitization on legal certainty, functional equivalence, and regulatory harmonization. The results obtained showed that, although Colombia recognizes the legal validity of electronic messages and signatures through Law 527 of 1999 and Decree 2365 of 2012, the lack of adherence to the United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts (2005) creates a regulatory gap that limits legal interoperability and significantly affects international competitiveness. Consequently, it is proposed to move forward with the ratification of the aforementioned instrument, update regulations on electronic certifications and means, and implement online dispute resolution (ODR) mechanisms in accordance with UNCITRAL recommendations. In conclusion, ratification of the Convention represents a significant strategic opportunity to strengthen Colombia's integration into the digital economy, increase confidence in international electronic transactions, and consolidate its legal leadership in 21st-century global trade.
The research analyzed the coherence between the Colombian legal framework and international standards regarding the use of electronic tools in the negotiation and execution of international legal transactions.A qualitative approach was used under the interpretive paradigm and hermeneutic design, based on the documentary analysis of laws, treaties, jurisprudence, and specialized doctrine. This methodology facilitated the interpretation of the effects of digitization on legal certainty, functional equivalence, and regulatory harmonization. The results obtained showed that, although Colombia recognizes the legal validity of electronic messages and signatures through Law 527 of 1999 and Decree 2365 of 2012, the lack of adherence to the United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts (2005) creates a regulatory gap that limits legal interoperability and significantly affects international competitiveness. Consequently, it is proposed to move forward with the ratification of the aforementioned instrument, update regulations on electronic certifications and means, and implement online dispute resolution (ODR) mechanisms in accordance with UNCITRAL recommendations. In conclusion, ratification of the Convention represents a significant strategic opportunity to strengthen Colombia's integration into the digital economy, increase confidence in international electronic transactions, and consolidate its legal leadership in 21st-century global trade.
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Palabras clave
Comunicaciones electrónicas, Negocios jurídicos internacionales, Seguridad jurídica, Competitividad, Comercio electrónico
