Consecuencias de la implementación de leyes que sancionen el maltrato infantil en padres de familia o cuidadores desde lo psicológico, social y jurídico durante la última década (2012-2023)
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Franco Téllez, Yendi Paola
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Esta monografía, presenta una investigación acerca de la problemática del maltrato infantil, de tipo intrafamiliar, para lo cual se tiene como referencia en concepto de maltrato infantil, como, cualquier forma de abuso o desatención que afecte a un menor de 18 años, abarca todo tipo de maltrato físico o afectivo, abuso sexual, desatención, negligencia y explotación comercial o de otra índole que vaya o pueda ir en perjuicio de la salud, el desarrollo o la dignidad del menor o poner en peligro su supervivencia en el contexto de una relación de responsabilidad, confianza o poder (OMS, 2022).
El análisis que se realiza en esta investigación está basado en la identificación de consecuencias positivas o negativas en cuanto la implementación de leyes que sancionen el maltrato infantil en países de Latinoamérica ya que según estudios realizados por el Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia (UNICEF) en América Latina, la violencia se ha convertido en parte de la vida cotidiana. Tanto que se ha considera la más violenta del mundo hasta el año 2022. Y se considera que los elevados índices de violencia contra la niñez y la adolescencia se han atribuido a una cultura patriarcal dominante por la poca educación y concientización entre los cuidadores sobre métodos disciplinarios no violentos y eficaces.
La investigación está enfocada en padres de familia o cuidadores, su análisis conlleva un contexto psicológico, social y jurídico, estudios realizados en la última década en los años 2012 hasta el 2023. La metodología utilizada, consiste en una investigación de análisis de contenido y de tipo exploratorio, cualitativo y cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo, basados en el estudio de teorías y análisis de datos e informes, que explican el maltrato infantil en sus diferentes formas o manifestaciones, un total de 50 artículos de los cuales se tuvo en cuenta trabajos o investigaciones que se realizaron dentro del periodo del 2012 y 2023, la mayoría pertenecientes a países de Latinoamericanos.
En esta investigación se tiene en cuenta diferentes teorías que logran explicar y comprender el porqué de este suceso, y el que lleva a las personas a cometer un acto violento o agresivo con menores. Una de las teorías mayor enfocadas es la teoría del ciclo de violencia. Estas teorías logran dar claridad en cuanto el porqué de un comportamiento repetido al paso del tiempo y trasmitido en generaciones. Este estudio tendrá una compresión desde el modelo sistémico, para lo cual se identifica el sistema principal de estudio, la familia. Como objetivo principal de este análisis es identificar si las leyes implementadas para el maltrato infantil han logrado alguna efectividad en la problemática, puesto que en la realidad social se identifica que las cifras de este suceso no disminuyen y las denuncias aumenta a nivel mundial. Este estudio considera un análisis a nivel psicológico, social y jurídico. En cuanto a nivel psicológico se centra en la percepción de padres de familia y cuidadores ante la problemática, a nivel social se contempla los diferentes puntos de vista asociados a la cultura, la economía y la educación y a nivel jurídico se identifica posibles fallas del sistema y la importancia de la psicología en las leyes.
This monograph presents an investigation about the problem of intra-family child abuse, for which the concept of child abuse is used as a reference, as any form of abuse or neglect that affects a child under 18 years of age, covers everything type of physical or affective abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, negligence and commercial or other exploitation that is or may be detrimental to the health, development or dignity of the minor or endanger their survival in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power (WHO, 2022). The analysis carried out in this research is based on the identification of positive or negative consequences regarding the implementation of laws that penalize child abuse in Latin American countries, since according to studies carried out by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) in Latin America, violence has become part of everyday life. So much so that it has been considered the most violent in the world until the year 2022. And it is considered that the high rates of violence against children and adolescents have been attributed to a dominant patriarchal culture due to little education and awareness among caregivers about disciplinary methods non-violent and effective. The research is focused on parents or caregivers, its analysis involves a psychological, social and legal context, studies carried out in the last decade in the years 2012 to 2023. The methodology used consists of an investigation of content analysis and exploratory, qualitative and quantitative, descriptive type, based on the study of theories and analysis of data and reports, which explain child abuse in its different forms or manifestations, a total of 50 articles of which works or investigations that were carried out within the period of 2012 and 2023, the majority belonging to Latin American countries. This research takes into account different theories that manage to explain and understand the reason for this event, and the one that leads people to commit a violent or aggressive act with minors. One of the most focused theories is the cycle of violence theory. These theories manage to clarify the reason for a repeated behavior over time and transmitted in generations. This study will have a compression from the systemic model, for which the main study system, the family, is identified. The main objective of this analysis is to identify if the laws implemented for child abuse have achieved some effectiveness in the problem, since in the social reality it is identified that the figures of this event do not decrease and the complaints increase worldwide. This study considers an analysis at a psychological, social and legal level. Regarding the psychological level, it focuses on the perception of parents and caregivers regarding the problem, at the social level, the different points of view associated with culture, the economy and education are contemplated, and at the legal level, possible failures of the system are identified and the importance of psychology in law
This monograph presents an investigation about the problem of intra-family child abuse, for which the concept of child abuse is used as a reference, as any form of abuse or neglect that affects a child under 18 years of age, covers everything type of physical or affective abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, negligence and commercial or other exploitation that is or may be detrimental to the health, development or dignity of the minor or endanger their survival in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power (WHO, 2022). The analysis carried out in this research is based on the identification of positive or negative consequences regarding the implementation of laws that penalize child abuse in Latin American countries, since according to studies carried out by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) in Latin America, violence has become part of everyday life. So much so that it has been considered the most violent in the world until the year 2022. And it is considered that the high rates of violence against children and adolescents have been attributed to a dominant patriarchal culture due to little education and awareness among caregivers about disciplinary methods non-violent and effective. The research is focused on parents or caregivers, its analysis involves a psychological, social and legal context, studies carried out in the last decade in the years 2012 to 2023. The methodology used consists of an investigation of content analysis and exploratory, qualitative and quantitative, descriptive type, based on the study of theories and analysis of data and reports, which explain child abuse in its different forms or manifestations, a total of 50 articles of which works or investigations that were carried out within the period of 2012 and 2023, the majority belonging to Latin American countries. This research takes into account different theories that manage to explain and understand the reason for this event, and the one that leads people to commit a violent or aggressive act with minors. One of the most focused theories is the cycle of violence theory. These theories manage to clarify the reason for a repeated behavior over time and transmitted in generations. This study will have a compression from the systemic model, for which the main study system, the family, is identified. The main objective of this analysis is to identify if the laws implemented for child abuse have achieved some effectiveness in the problem, since in the social reality it is identified that the figures of this event do not decrease and the complaints increase worldwide. This study considers an analysis at a psychological, social and legal level. Regarding the psychological level, it focuses on the perception of parents and caregivers regarding the problem, at the social level, the different points of view associated with culture, the economy and education are contemplated, and at the legal level, possible failures of the system are identified and the importance of psychology in law
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Palabras clave
Maltrato infantil, Normatividad, Leyes, Psicología forense, Cultura, Sociedad, Sistema jurídico, Child abuse, Regulations, Laws, Forensic psychology, Culture, Society, Legal system
