Depresión, ideación suicida y actividad física en estudiantes del programa de fisioterapia
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Fontalvo Torres, Sharon Yelitza
Cárdenas Madera, Angélica María
Mercado Granados, Mónica Esther
Castro Ruiz, Sneider Milet
Guerrero Hernández, Angie Vanessa
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Antecedentes: La depresión se define como un trastorno del estado de ánimo con presencia de síntomas físicos, afectivos y emocionales como insomnio, falta de concentración, irritabilidad y pérdida de interés. En Colombia las líneas territoriales de salud mental mostraron un aumento en las consultas hasta del 30% durante la pandemia del covid-19, siendo la depresión, ansiedad y violencias los motivos de consulta más frecuentes. La depresión es un trastorno mental común el cual se estima que en todo el mundo afecta al 3,8 % de la población, incluido el 5 % de los adultos y el 5,7 % de los adultos mayores de 60 años. En todo el mundo, aproximadamente 280 millones de personas sufren de depresión. La depresión es diferente de los cambios de humor habituales y las breves reacciones emocionales a los problemas de la vida cotidiana. Se evidencio que la mayor cantidad de personas atendidas por depresión moderada o severa correspondió a mujeres. En 2015, por ejemplo, con una mayor proporción equivalente al 70,4% de las personas atendidas con diagnóstico de depresión moderada fue de mujeres, mientras que el 29,6% fue de hombres. Numerosos estudios científicos orientados a la prevención han demostrado que el ejercicio físico reduce el riesgo de padecer depresión. Se ha visto que la depresión puede llevar a disminuir la cantidad de ejercicio realizado, debido a la poca motivación y energía, y que esta reducción puede ser un factor de riesgo para la depresión, por esto han aparecido manejos novedosos y complementarios útiles en el tratamiento de la patología depresiva, entre ellos el ejercicio. El ejercicio posee un efecto similar al de la terapia psicológica y algunos antidepresivos, reduciendo los síntomas de la depresión. el cambio que generó las clases virtuales han sido muchos los estudiantes que han caído en depresión en determinadas carreras universitarias el cual requieren más dedicación que otras, teniendo en cuenta que llevan más años y dedicación de estudio, por ende, requiere un mayor trabajo mental, lo que termina afectando el estado emocional y aumentando el riesgo de desarrollar un trastorno depresivo. La universidad es un entorno estresante para la mayoría de los jóvenes, por lo que es especialmente importante que los padres, amigos, profesores y consejeros se involucren si sospechan que un estudiante sufre depresión. Para las directivas de los planteles universitarios de las universidades en Colombia conocer las variables que influyen en esta relación puede suponer una reestructuración o establecer un cambio significativo de la metodología de estudio en aras de promover vínculos saludables entre la universidad y los estudiantes que se traduzcan en beneficios para ambas partes para así facilitar y combatir la depresión e ideas suicidas de los estudiantes en áreas de salud y promover la actividad física. Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de Depresión y su relación con ideación suicida e inactividad Física en Estudiantes del programa de Fisioterapia de Pregrado vinculado a la Institución de Educación Superior. Materiales y Métodos: Se estudio una poblacion de 50 estudiantes a lo cuales se les aplico el cuestionadrio de Beck el cual consiste en evaluar la gravedad de sintomatolgia depresiva en adultos y adolescentes, tambien encontramos la escala de depresion de hamilton la cual consiste en evaluar cuantitativamente la gravedad de los sintomas y valorar los cambios del paciente deprimido y para evaluar la actividad fisica usamos el cuestionario internacional de actividad fisica formato corto (IPAQ) El cual evaluara y vigilara la actividad fisica que realiza la poblacion adulta y la percepcion de la salud de estos. Y para obtener los datos se empleó un formulario de manera virtual, que fue enviado a los correos y WhatsApp de los participantes. Mediante una encuesta se midieron las variables sociodemográficas.Las encuestas que se le aplicaran a los sujetos del programa de Fisioterapia de la universidad Simón Bolívar. Resultados: El grupo etario predominante fue el rango de los 20 a 21 años. De las encuestas el 85% fueron mujeres. En la tabla 4 nos muestra los resultados al pensamiento de suicidio donde se evidencia que un 87,1% de los estudiantes encuestados tiene ausente este pensamiento y evidenciamos que una menor cantidad de los estudiantes encuestados presentan este pensamiento (6,5%). En los niveles de actividad física pudimos observar que los estudiantes en su mayoría presentan una baja actividad física (56,66) o inactivos (33,33), también podemos ver que en una menor cantidad los niveles de actividad física de los estudiantes son medios (6,66) o alto (3,33). Conclusiones: Como sé ha evidenciado anteriormente se puedes concluir con que los estudiantes del área de la salud específicamente a los de fisioterapia un porcentaje de presentan una depresión leve, así mismo, tenemos un porcentaje bajo en estudiantes que presentan una depresión moderada; por otro lado se encontró gracias a la encuesta de Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) que un porcentaje alto de los estudiantes no presentan ideas suicidas y por último los estudiantes encuestados la mayoría no realiza actividad física; se puede inferir por los resultados obtenidos de las encuestas que todo se encuentra relacionado, puesto que, si se realiza actividad física la mente y el cuerpo se vuelven débil.
Background: Depression is defined as a mood disorder with the presence of physical, affective and emotional symptoms such as insomnia, lack of concentration, irritability and loss of interest. In Colombia, the territorial mental health lines showed an increase in consultations of up to 30% during the covid-19 pandemic, with depression, anxiety and violence being the most frequent reasons for consultation. Depression is a common mental disorder which is estimated to affect 3.8% of the population worldwide, including 5% of adults and 5.7% of adults over 60 years of age. Worldwide, approximately 280 million people suffer from depression. Depression is different from the usual mood swings and brief emotional reactions to the problems of everyday life. It was evidenced that the largest number of people treated for moderate or severe depression corresponded to women. In 2015, for example, with a greater proportion equivalent to 70.4% of the people attended with a diagnosis of moderate depression, it was women, while 29.6% were men. Numerous scientific studies aimed at prevention have shown that physical exercise reduces the risk of depression. It has been seen that depression can lead to a decrease in the amount of exercise performed, due to low motivation and energy, and that this reduction can be a risk factor for depression, which is why novel and complementary managements useful in treatment have appeared. of depressive pathology, including exercise. Exercise has an effect similar to that of psychological therapy and some antidepressants, reducing the symptoms of depression. The change generated by virtual classes has been many students who have fallen into depression in certain university careers which require more dedication than others, taking into account that they have been studying for more years and dedication, therefore, it requires more mental work, which ends up affecting the emotional state and increasing the risk of developing a depressive disorder. College is a stressful environment for most young people, so it's especially important that parents, friends, teachers, and counselors get involved if they suspect a student is suffering from depression. For the directives of the university campuses of the universities in Colombia, knowing the variables that influence this relationship can suppose a restructuring or establish a significant change in the study methodology in order to promote healthy links between the university and the students that translate into benefits for both parties to facilitate and combat depression and suicidal ideas in students in health areas and promote physical activity. Objective: To determine the prevalence of Depression and its relationship with suicidal ideation and Physical inactivity in Students of the Undergraduate Physiotherapy program linked to the Institution of Higher Education. Materials and Methods: A population of 50 students was studied, to which the Beck questionnaire was applied, which consists of evaluating the severity of depressive symptoms in adults and adolescents, we also found the Hamilton depression scale, which consists of quantitatively evaluating the severity of depression. symptoms and assess the changes of the depressed patient and to assess physical activity we used the short format international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). Which will evaluate and monitor the physical activity carried out by the adult population and their perception of their health. And to obtain the data, a form was used virtually, which was sent to the emails and WhatsApp of the participants. Sociodemographic variables were measured by means of a survey. The surveys that were applied to the subjects of the Physiotherapy program of the Simón Bolívar University. Results: The predominant age group was the range of 20 to 21 years. Of the surveys, 85% were women. Table 4 shows us the results of the thought of suicide where it is evident that 87.1% of the students surveyed have this thought absent and we show that a smaller number of the students surveyed present this thought (6.5%). In the levels of physical activity we could observe that the majority of the students present a low physical activity (56.66) or inactive (33.33), we can also see that in a smaller amount the levels of physical activity of the students are medium (6.66) or high (3.33). Conclusions: As has been evidenced above, it can be concluded that students in the health area, specifically those in physiotherapy, have a percentage of mild depression, likewise, we have a low percentage of students who present moderate depression; on the other hand, thanks to the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) survey, it was found that a high percentage of students do not have suicidal ideas and finally, the majority of the students surveyed do not engage in physical activity; It can be inferred from the results obtained from the surveys that everything is related, since, if physical activity is carried out, the mind and the body become weak.
Background: Depression is defined as a mood disorder with the presence of physical, affective and emotional symptoms such as insomnia, lack of concentration, irritability and loss of interest. In Colombia, the territorial mental health lines showed an increase in consultations of up to 30% during the covid-19 pandemic, with depression, anxiety and violence being the most frequent reasons for consultation. Depression is a common mental disorder which is estimated to affect 3.8% of the population worldwide, including 5% of adults and 5.7% of adults over 60 years of age. Worldwide, approximately 280 million people suffer from depression. Depression is different from the usual mood swings and brief emotional reactions to the problems of everyday life. It was evidenced that the largest number of people treated for moderate or severe depression corresponded to women. In 2015, for example, with a greater proportion equivalent to 70.4% of the people attended with a diagnosis of moderate depression, it was women, while 29.6% were men. Numerous scientific studies aimed at prevention have shown that physical exercise reduces the risk of depression. It has been seen that depression can lead to a decrease in the amount of exercise performed, due to low motivation and energy, and that this reduction can be a risk factor for depression, which is why novel and complementary managements useful in treatment have appeared. of depressive pathology, including exercise. Exercise has an effect similar to that of psychological therapy and some antidepressants, reducing the symptoms of depression. The change generated by virtual classes has been many students who have fallen into depression in certain university careers which require more dedication than others, taking into account that they have been studying for more years and dedication, therefore, it requires more mental work, which ends up affecting the emotional state and increasing the risk of developing a depressive disorder. College is a stressful environment for most young people, so it's especially important that parents, friends, teachers, and counselors get involved if they suspect a student is suffering from depression. For the directives of the university campuses of the universities in Colombia, knowing the variables that influence this relationship can suppose a restructuring or establish a significant change in the study methodology in order to promote healthy links between the university and the students that translate into benefits for both parties to facilitate and combat depression and suicidal ideas in students in health areas and promote physical activity. Objective: To determine the prevalence of Depression and its relationship with suicidal ideation and Physical inactivity in Students of the Undergraduate Physiotherapy program linked to the Institution of Higher Education. Materials and Methods: A population of 50 students was studied, to which the Beck questionnaire was applied, which consists of evaluating the severity of depressive symptoms in adults and adolescents, we also found the Hamilton depression scale, which consists of quantitatively evaluating the severity of depression. symptoms and assess the changes of the depressed patient and to assess physical activity we used the short format international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). Which will evaluate and monitor the physical activity carried out by the adult population and their perception of their health. And to obtain the data, a form was used virtually, which was sent to the emails and WhatsApp of the participants. Sociodemographic variables were measured by means of a survey. The surveys that were applied to the subjects of the Physiotherapy program of the Simón Bolívar University. Results: The predominant age group was the range of 20 to 21 years. Of the surveys, 85% were women. Table 4 shows us the results of the thought of suicide where it is evident that 87.1% of the students surveyed have this thought absent and we show that a smaller number of the students surveyed present this thought (6.5%). In the levels of physical activity we could observe that the majority of the students present a low physical activity (56.66) or inactive (33.33), we can also see that in a smaller amount the levels of physical activity of the students are medium (6.66) or high (3.33). Conclusions: As has been evidenced above, it can be concluded that students in the health area, specifically those in physiotherapy, have a percentage of mild depression, likewise, we have a low percentage of students who present moderate depression; on the other hand, thanks to the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) survey, it was found that a high percentage of students do not have suicidal ideas and finally, the majority of the students surveyed do not engage in physical activity; It can be inferred from the results obtained from the surveys that everything is related, since, if physical activity is carried out, the mind and the body become weak.
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Palabras clave
Depresión, Ansiedad, Autoestima, Pensamiento suicida, Actividad Física, Escala de IPAQ, Escala de HAMILTON, Escala de BECK, Estudiantes Universitarios, Salud, Estrés académico