Desafiando a la inequidad de Latinoamérica: estrategias facilitadoras de “control” de la Enfermedad Renal Crónica

dc.contributor.authorDepine, Santos Ángel
dc.contributor.authorAroca Martínez, Gustavo
dc.date.accessioned2018-09-12T17:19:24Z
dc.date.available2018-09-12T17:19:24Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.description.abstractEste libro nace del análisis de las situaciones de desigualdad e inequidad en la que se encuentran los países de la región Latinoamericana y el Caribe, incluso con núcleos de población al interior de los mismos en situaciones de mayor vulnerabilidad. Los autores realizaron una exhaustiva revisión y análisis de las evidencias disponibles, para diseñar nuevas estrategias de accesibilidad a los medicamentos, insumos, equipamiento y reactivos de laboratorio necesarios para facilitar el tratamiento y control adecuado de los pacientes con enfermedades renales, incluyendo a la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC). Los resultados obtenidos permitieron concretar y proponer una lista detallada y justificada de equipamiento, insumos y reactivos de laboratorio, utilizados en todos los estadios de enfermedad renal, factibles de ser incluidos en estrategias de compra mayoristas supranacionales, con el objeto de abaratar su costo, o en estrategias nacionales de suministro subsidiado, mejorando la accesibilidad, el tratamiento y la calidad de vida de las poblaciones más vulnerables.spa
dc.identifier.isbn9789585430723
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/2283
dc.language.isospaspa
dc.publisherEdiciones Universidad Simón Bolívarspa
dc.rights.licenseLicencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacionalspa
dc.subjectNefrologíaspa
dc.subjectRiñonesspa
dc.subjectInsuficiencia Renal Crónicaspa
dc.subjectEnfermedades crónicasspa
dc.titleDesafiando a la inequidad de Latinoamérica: estrategias facilitadoras de “control” de la Enfermedad Renal Crónicaspa
dc.typeBookspa
dcterms.referencesAAMI (2007). Water Treatment Equipment for Hemodialysis Applications (ANSI/AAMI RD62:2006). American National Standard. Arlington (VA): AAMI, 2006. Arlington: Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation.eng
dcterms.referencesADA (2011). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes, 2011. Diabetes Care, 34 (Supplement 1), S11-S61.eng
dcterms.referencesAroca-Martínez, G. A. (2017). Propuesta de un modelo de gestión de salud de la Nefritis Lúpica, basado en la problemática clínica y su impacto socio-sanitario en la región Caribe colombiana. Barranquilla: Mejoras.spa
dcterms.referencesAroca Martínez, G., Castillo, A., Bonfantt, A., Torres, H. G., Galindo, H. & Depine, S. (2015). Glomerulonefritis primarias en niños que asisten a un Centro de Referencia en la región Caribe colombiana. Rev. Colomb. Nefrol., 2(1), 12-18.spa
dcterms.referencesBaber, U., Toto, R. & Lemos, J. D. (2007). Statins and cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure. Am Heart J., 153(4), 471-477.eng
dcterms.referencesBaigent, C., Landray, M., Reith, C., Emberson, J., Wheeler, D. & Tomson, C., . . . et al. (2011). The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with simvastatin plus ezetimibe in patients with chronic kidney disease (Study of Heart and Renal Protection): a randomised placebo-controlled. Lancet, 377(9784), 2181-2192.eng
dcterms.referencesBaker, L., Muir, J., Sharman, V., Abrams, S., Greenwood, R., Cattell, W., . . . et al. (1986). Controlled trial of calcitriol in hemodialysis patients. Clin Nephrol., 26(4), 185-191.eng
dcterms.referencesBarnett, A., Bain, S., Bouter, P., Karlberg, B., Madsbad, S., Jervell, J. & Mustonen, J. (2004). Angiotensin-Receptor Blockade versus Converting-Enzyme Inhibition in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy. N Engl J Med., 351(19), 1952-1961.eng
dcterms.referencesBarreto, D., Barreto, F. C., Carvalho, A. D., Cuppari, L., Draibe, S., Dalboni, M., . . . Canziani, M. (2008). Phosphate binder impact on bone remodeling and coronary calcification, results from the BRiC study. Nephron Clin Pract., 110(4), 273-283.eng
dcterms.referencesBarril, G., González-Parra, E., Alcazar, R., Arenas, M., Campistol, J., Caramelo, C., . . . Teruel, J. (2004). Guías sobre enfermedades víricas en hemodiálisis. Nefrología, 24(Suppl. 2), 43-66.spa
dcterms.referencesBello, A., Peters, J., Rigby, J., Rahman, A., . . . et al. (2008). Socioeconomic status and chronic kidney disease at presentation to a renal service in the United Kingdom. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol., 3(5), 1316-1323.eng
dcterms.referencesBlock, G., Spiegel, D., Ehrlich, J., Mehta, R., Lindbergh, J., Dreisbach, A. & Raggi, P. (2005). Effects of sevelamer and calcium on coronary artery calcification in patients new to hemodialysis. Kidney Int., 68(4), 1815-1824.eng
dcterms.referencesBover, J. & Cozzolino, M. (2011). Mineral and bone disorders in chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease patients: new insights into vitamin D receptor activation. Kidney Inter. Suppl., 1(4), 122-129.eng
dcterms.referencesBrenner, B., Cooper, M., Zeeuw, D. D., Keane, W., Mitch, W., Parving, H., . . . Investigators, R. S. (2001). Effects of Losartan on Renal and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy. New England Journal of Medicine, 345(12), 861-869.eng
dcterms.referencesBrito-Ashurst, I. D., Varagunam, M., Raftery, M. & Yaqoob, M. (2009). Bicarbonate supplementation slows progression of CKD and improves nutritional status. J Am Soc Nephrol., 20(9), 2075-2084.eng
dcterms.referencesBrouwers, M. C., Kho, M. E., Browman, G. P., Burgers, J. S., Cluzeau, F., Feder, G., . . . Zitzelsberger, L. (2010). AGREE II: advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in health care. CMAJ, 182(18), 839-842.eng
dcterms.referencesBurgos Calderón, R. & Depine, S. (2005). Sustainable and tenable renal health model: A Latin American proposal of classification, programming, and evaluation. Kidney International, S23–S30.eng
dcterms.referencesBurgos Calderón, R. & Depine, S. (2010). Systematic approach for the management of chronic kidney disease: moving beyond chronic kidney disease classification. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens, 19(2), 208-13.eng
dcterms.referencesCameron, J. (1999). European best practice guidelines for the management of anaemia in patients with chronic renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant., 14(Suppl 2), 61-65.eng
dcterms.referencesCannata-Andía, J. B., & Fernández-Martín., J. L. (2002). The clinical impact of aluminium overload in renal failure. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 17 (Suppl. 2)(12), 9-12.eng
dcterms.referencesCDC (1988). Centers for Disease Control. Update: Universal precautions for prevention of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus and ther bloodborne pathogens in health-care settings. MMWR, 37(24), 377-388.eng
dcterms.referencesCEPAL (2012) Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe, sobre la base de Banco de Datos de Encuestas de Hogares (BADEHOG).spa
dcterms.referencesCEPAL (2015) Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe, sobre la base de Banco de Datos de Encuestas de Hogares (BADEHOG).spa
dcterms.referencesCEPAL, C. E. (2017). Panorama Social de América Latina 2016. Santiago: Naciones Unidas.spa
dcterms.referencesChallú, A., Burgos Calderón, R., Depine, S., Feler, D., & Manzor, D. (1999). La Nefrología en Latinoamérica. Estado Actual. Pautas para su desarrollo. Buenos Aires: SLANH.spa
dcterms.referencesChallú, A., Depine, S., San Martín, C., Jost, L. & Estraviz, H. (1990). Realidad de la nefrología latinoamericana. Revista de Nefrología, Diálisis y Transplante, (27), 21-31.spa
dcterms.referencesChamberlain, I., Okonofua, E., Nzerue, M., . . . et al. (1999). Role of hypoalbuminemia and hypocholesterolemia as copredictors of mortality in acute renal failure. Kidney Int., 56(19), 1058-1063.eng
dcterms.referencesChertow, G., Ackert, K., Lew, N., Lazarus, J. & Lowrie, E. (2000). Prealbumin is as important as albumin in the nutritional assessment of hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int., 58(6), 2512-2517.eng
dcterms.referencesChertow, G., Burke, S. & Raggi, P. (2002). Sevelamer attenuates the progression of coronary and aortic calcification in hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int., 62(1), 245-252.eng
dcterms.referencesClarke, P., Gray, A., Adler, A., . . . et al. (2001). Cost-effectiveness analysis of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin in overweight patients with type II diabetes (UKPDS no. 51). Diabetología, 44(3), 298-304.eng
dcterms.referencesCoburn, J., Maung, H., Elangovan, L., Germain, M., Lindberg, J., Sprague, S., . . . Bishop, C. (2004). Doxercalciferol safely suppresses PTH levels in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism associated with chronic kidney disease stages 3 and 4. Am J Kidney Dis., 43(5), 877-890.eng
dcterms.referencesComos, J. D. (2001). Determinación de aluminio en líquidos concentrados de hemodiálisis por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica: memoria para optar al grado de Doctor. Tesis. Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Facultad de Farmacia, Madrid.spa
dcterms.referencesConsortium, A. N. (2009). El Instrumento AGREE II Versión electrónica. Obtenido de AGREE Next Steps Consortium. El Instrumento AGREE II Versión http://www.agreetrust.orgeng
dcterms.referencesControl, C. F. & CDC. (1988). Update: Universal precautions for prevention of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus and ther bloodborne pathogens in heath-care settings. MMWR, 37, 377-382; 387-388.eng
dcterms.referencesCrews, D., Charles, R. F., Evans, M., Zonderman, A. & Powe, N. (2010). Poverty, Race, and CKD in a Racially and Socioeconomically Diverse Urban Population. Am J Kidney Dis., 55(6), 992-1000.eng
dcterms.referencesDepine, S. (1990). Plan de Prevención y Asistencia de la Insuficiencia Renal Crónica (PAIR). Reunión de Acuerdo de Sociedades Latinoamericanas de Nefrología. Rosario.spa
dcterms.referencesDepine, S. (1998). Atención gerenciada en nefrología, un desafío de este tiempo. Revista de Nefrología, Diálisis y Transplante (suplemento), 12.spa
dcterms.referencesDepine, S. (2009). The role of government and competing priorities in minority populations and developing nations. (K. C. Norris, Ed.). Ethnicity & Disease, 19(S1), 73-9.eng
dcterms.referencesDepine, S. & Burgos Calderón, R. (2006). Renal Health Models in Latin America: Development of National Programs of Renal Health. Renal Failure, 28, 649–664.eng
dcterms.referencesERA & Associaton, E. R. (2002). European best practice guidelines for haemodialysis. Section VI. Haemodialysis associated infection. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 17(Suppl 7), 72-87.eng
dcterms.referencesFDA & Nutrition, C. F. (s.f.). U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Obtenido de https://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/CentersOffices/ OfficeofFoods/CFSAN/spa
dcterms.referencesFellstrom, B. C., Jardine, A., Schmieder, R., Holdaas, H., Bannister, K., J., J. B., et al. (2009). Rosuvastatin and cardiovascular events in patients undergoing hemodialysis. N Engl J Med., 360(14), 1395-1407.eng
dcterms.referencesFiga, P. A., Compte, M. T., Gallego, C. & Aguilar, C. (2008). Is it necessary to measure anti-hepatitis B antibodies every six months instead of every twelve months in patients on hemodialysis? Nefrología, 28(2), 227-228.eng
dcterms.referencesFondo Monetario Internacional (2017). Perspectivas de la Economía Mundial: ¿Está cobrando impulso? Washington: International Monetary Fund, Publication Services.spa
dcterms.referencesFund, I. M. (2018). World Economic Outlook Database. Recuperado el 21 de mayo de 2018, de http://www.imf.org/en/Publications/ WEO/Issues/2018/03/20/world-economic-outlook-april-2018spa
dcterms.referencesFundación Mexicana del Riñón, A. C. (2012). Guías Latinoamericanas de Práctica Clínica sobre la Prevención, Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de los Estadios 1-5 de la Enfermedad Renal Crónica (G. T. Vera, Ed.). México: Programas Educativos, S. A. de C. V.spa
dcterms.referencesGarcía-García, G. (2014). La pobreza: el denominador común de la amenaza mundial de la ERC. Traducido de MEDICC Review, 16(2), 83.spa
dcterms.referencesGBD (2016). Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet, 388(10053), 1459-1544.eng
dcterms.referencesGo, A. S., Chertow, G., Fan, D., Dongjie F., McCulloch C. E. & Hsu, C. Y. (2004). Chronic Kidney Disease and the Risks of Death, Cardiovascular Events, and Hospitalization. N Engl J Med., 351, 1296-1305.eng
dcterms.referencesGonzález-Bedat, M. C., Rosa-Díez, G. & Ferreiro, A. (2017). El Registro Latinoamericano de Diálisis y Trasplante Renal: la importancia del desarrollo de los registros nacionales en Latinoamérica. Nefrol. Latinoam., 14(1), 12-21.spa
dcterms.referencesHemodialysis, E. B., & Association, E. R. (2002). European best practice guidelines for haemodialysis. Section VI. Haemodialysis associated infection. Nephrol Dial Transplant., 17 (Suppl.7), 72-87.eng
dcterms.referencesHoenich, N., Thijssen, S., Kitzler, T., Levin, R., & Ronco, C. (2008). Impact of Water Quality and Dialysis Fluid Composition on Dialysis Practice. Blood Purif., 26(6), 6-11.eng
dcterms.referencesHoltkamp, F., Zeeuw, D. D., Thomas, M., Cooper, M., Graeff, P. D., Hillege, H., . . . Heerspink, H. L. (2011). An acute fall in estimated glomerular filtration rate during treatment with losartan predicts a slower decrease in long-term renal function. Kidney Int., 80(3), 282-287.eng
dcterms.referencesHou, F., Zhang, X., Zhang, G., Xie, D., Chen, P., Zhang, W., . . . Geng, R. (2006). Efficacy and safety of benazepril for advanced chronic renal insufficiency. N Engl J Med., 354(2), 131-140.eng
dcterms.referencesISN (2017). ISN serie del Foro Global de Política Pública sobre la enfermedad renal: Enfoque en América Latina. Recuperado el 15 de mayo de 2018, de https://www.theisn.org/images/SPANISH_ Policy_Forum_8_pager_DEF_25092017_interactive.pdfeng
dcterms.referencesK/DOQI (2003). K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for bone metabolism and disease in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis., 42(4 Suppl 3), S1-201.eng
dcterms.referencesK/DOQI (2004). KDOQI clinical practice guidelines on hypertension and antihypertensive agents in chronic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis., 43(5 Suppl 1), 1-290.eng
dcterms.referencesK/DOQI (2006). K/DOQI clinical practice guideline and clinical practice recommendations for anemia in chronic kidney diseases. Am J Kidney Dis., 47(Suppl 3), 1-146.eng
dcterms.referencesKDIGO (2009). KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD). Kidney Int Suppl., 113, S, 1-130.eng
dcterms.referencesKDIGO (2017). Clinical Practice Guideline Update for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, Prevention, and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD). Kidney International, 7 Suppl.(1), 1-59.eng
dcterms.referencesKDIGO & Group, I. G. (2013). Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease. Kidney Int. Suppl., 3, 1-150.eng
dcterms.referencesKDIGO, K. D. & Work-Group, C.-M. (2009). KDIGO clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, prevention, and treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder (CKD-MBD). Kidney Int Suppl., 113(S), 1-130.eng
dcterms.referencesKorevaar, J., Manen, J. V., Dekker, F., Waart, D. D., Boeschoten, E., Krediet, R. & group, N. S. (2004). Effect of an increase in C-reactive protein level during a hemodialysis session on mortality. J Am Soc Nephrol., 15(11), 2916-2922.eng
dcterms.referencesLevey, A., Atkins, R., Coresh, J., Cohen, E., Collins, A., Eckardt, K.-U., . . . Eknoyan, G. (2007). Chronic kidney disease as a global public health problem: Approaches and initiatives – a position statement from Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes. Kidney International, 1-13.eng
dcterms.referencesLewis, E., Hunsicker, L., Bain, R. & Rohde, R. (1993). The Effect of Angiotensin-Converting-Enzyme Inhibition on Diabetic Nephropathy. N Engl J Med, 329(20), 1456-1462.eng
dcterms.referencesLewis, E., Hunsicker, L., Clarke, W., Berl, T., Pohl, M., Lewis, J., . . . Group., C. S. (2001). Renoprotective Effect of the Angiotensin- Receptor Antagonist Irbesartan in Patients with Nephropathy Due to Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med., 345(12), 851-860.eng
dcterms.referencesLindberg, J., Husserl, F., Ross, J., . . . et al. (2005). Impact of multidisciplinary, early renal education on vascular access placement. Nephrology News & Issues, 19(3), 35-36.eng
dcterms.referencesLocatelli, F., Aljama, P., Bárány, P., Canaud, B., Carrera, F., Eckardt, K., . . . Group. (2004). Revised European Best Practice Guidelines for the management of anaemia in patients with chronic renal failure. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, 19(Suppl 2), II1-47.eng
dcterms.referencesLocatelli, F., Fouque, D., Heimburger, O., Drüeke, T., Cannata- Andía, J., Hörl, W., & Ritz, E. (2002). Nutritional status in dialysis patients: a European consensus. Nephrol Dial Trasplant., 17(4), 563-572.eng
dcterms.referencesLocatelli, F., Pisoni, R., Combe, C., . . . et al. (2004). Anemia in hemodialysis patients of five european countries: association with morbidity and mortality in DOPPS. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant, 19, 121-132.eng
dcterms.referencesManen, K. V., Dekker, F., Waart, D. D., Boeschoten, E. & Krediet, R. (2004). Effect of an increase in C-reactive protein level during a hemodialysis session on mortality. J Am Soc Nephrol, 15, 2916-2922.eng
dcterms.referencesManzor, D. (2017). Historia de la Nefrología. Buenos Aires: Galáctica Ediciones.spa
dcterms.referencesMatsushita, K., Velde, M. V., Astor, B., Woodward, M., Levey, A., Jong, P. E., . . . Gansevoort, R. (2010). Association of estimated glomerular filtration rate and albuminuria with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a collaborative meta-analysis of general population cohorts. Lancet , 375(9731), 2073-2081.eng
dcterms.referencesMcMahon, L. P. & MacGinley, R. (2012). KHA-CARI guideline: biochemical and haematological targets: haemoglobin concentrations in patients using erythropoietin-stimulating agents. Nephrology, 17(1), 17-19.eng
dcterms.referencesMohanram, A., Zhang, Z., Shahinfar, S., Keane, W., Brenner, B. & Toto, R: (2004). Anemia and end-stage renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. Kidney Int., 66(3), 1131-1138.eng
dcterms.referencesMorillas, C., Solá, E. & Coronel, F. (2008). Manejo de la hiperglicemia en enfermedad renal crónica. NefroPlus, 1, 16-22.spa
dcterms.referencesMuñoz, P., Rodríguez, C. & Bouza, E. (2005). Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in recipients of solid organ transplants. Clin Infect Dis., 40(4), 581-587.eng
dcterms.referencesNavaneethan, S., Nigwekar, S., Sehgal, A. & Strippoli, G. (2009). Aldosterone Antagonists for Preventing the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol., 4(3), 542-551.eng
dcterms.referencesNickolas, T., Frisch, G., Opotowsky, A., Arons, R., & Radhakrishnan, J. (2005). Awareness of kidney disease in the US population: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999 to 2000. Am J Kidney Dis 2005; 44, 185-197.eng
dcterms.referencesNKF (2003). K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines for bone metabolism and disease in chronic kidney disease. Am. J. Kidney Dis., 42(4 Suppl. 3), S1-201.eng
dcterms.referencesNKF-K/DOQI (2007). NKF-K/DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines and Clinical practice recommendations for anemia in chronic kidney disease: 2007 update of hemoglobin target. Am J Kidney Dis., 50(3), 471-530.eng
dcterms.referencesNKF-K/DOQI (2006). NKF-DOQI Clinical Practice Guidelines for anemia of Chronic Renal Failure. Am J Kidney Dis., 47(Suppl), S11-145.eng
dcterms.referencesNKF-K/DOQI (2007). Clinical Practice Guidelines and Clinical practice recommendations for anemia in chronic kidney disease: 2007 update of hemoglobin target. Am J Kidney Dis., 50, 474.eng
dcterms.referencesObialo, I. C., Okonofua, E. C., Nzerue, M. C., Tayade, A. S. & Riley, L. (1999). Role of hypoalbuminemia and hypocholesterolemia as copredictors of mortality in acute renal failure. Kidney International, 56(3), 1058-1063.eng
dcterms.referencesONU (17 de julio de 2000). Resolución 1308. Recuperado el 5 de abril de 2018, de http://www.un.org/es/comun/docs/?symbol=S/ RES/1308%20(2000)spa
dcterms.referencesONU (27 de junio de 2001). Declaración de compromiso en la lucha contra el VIH/SIDA. Recuperado el 7 de abril de 2018, de http:// www.un.org/es/aids/aress262.shtmlspa
dcterms.referencesONU (24 de diciembre de 2010). Alcance, modalidades, formato y organización de la Reunión de Alto Nivel de la Asamblea General sobre la Prevención y el Control de las Enfermedades No Transmisibles. Recuperado el 12 de abril de 2018, de http://www.un.org/ es/comun/docs/?symbol=A/RES/65/238spa
dcterms.referencesONU (16 de septiembre de 2011). Declaración Política de la Reunión de Alto Nivel de la Asamblea General sobre la Prevención y el Control de las Enfermedades No Transmisibles. Recuperado el 12 de mayo de 2018, de http://www.un.org/es/comun/docs/?symbol= A/66/L.1spa
dcterms.referencesOPS/OMS (2011). Prioridades para la salud cardiovascular en las Américas. Mensajes claves para los decisores. Washington DC: OPS/OMS.spa
dcterms.referencesOPS/OMS. (18 de septiembre de 2012). Estrategia para la prevención y el control de las Enfermedades No Transmisibles, 2012-2025. Washington DC, USA: Organización Panamericana de la Salud.spa
dcterms.referencesOPS/OMS (2014). Plan de acción para la prevención y el control de las enfermedades no transmisibles en las Américas 2013-2019. Washington DC: OPS/OMS.spa
dcterms.referencesOPS/OMS (10 de marzo de 2015). La OPS/OMS y la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nefrología llaman a prevenir la enfermedad renal y a mejorar el acceso al tratamiento. Recuperado el 14 de mayo de 2018, de https://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content& view=article&id=10542%3A2015-opsoms-sociedad-latinoamericana-nefrologia-enfermedad-renal-mejorar-tratamiento& catid=740%3Apress-releases&Itemid=1926&lang=esspa
dcterms.referencesOPS/OMS (2017a). Epidemia de enfermedad renal crónica en comunidades agrícolas de Centroamérica. Definición de casos, base metodológica y enfoques para la vigilancia de salud pública. Wendy Hoy & Pedro Ordunez.spa
dcterms.referencesOPS/OMS (2017b). Fondo Estratégico. Acceso a medicamentos e insumos de salud de calidad en las Américas. Recuperado el 21 de mayo de 2018, de https://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option= com_content&view=article&id=12163%3Apaho-strategic- fund&catid=8775%3Aabout&Itemid=42005&lang=esspa
dcterms.referencesOrdunez, P., Nieto, F. J., Martinez-Piedra, R., Soliz, P., Giraldo, G., Mott, S. & Hoy, W. (2018). Chronic kidney disease mortality trends in selected Central America countries, 1997-2013: clues to an epidemic of chronic interstitial nephritis of agricultural communities. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, 72(4).eng
dcterms.referencesPAHO/WHO (2011). Non-communicable Diseases in the Americas: Basic Indicators 2011. Washington DC: OPS.eng
dcterms.referencesPalmer, S., Navaneethan, S., Craig, J., . . . et al. (2010). Meta-analysis: erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in patients with chronic kidney disease. Annals of Internal Medicine, 153, 23-33.eng
dcterms.referencesParving, H., Lehnert, H., Brachner-Mortensen, J., Gomis, R., Andersen, S. & Arner, P. (2001). The Effect of Irbesartan on the Development of Diabetic Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med., 345(12), 870-878.eng
dcterms.referencesPatel, A., MacMahon, S., Chalmers, J., Neal, B., Billot, L., Woodward, M. . . . et al. (2008). Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med., 358(24), 2560-2572.eng
dcterms.referencesPhysicians, R. C. (2008). National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions. Chronic kidney disease: national clinical guideline for early identification and management in adults in primary and secondary care. London: Royal College of Physicians.eng
dcterms.referencesPNUD (2016). Informe sobre Desarrollo Humano 2016. New York: Lowe-Martin Group.eng
dcterms.referencesRaphael, K., Wei, G., Baird, B., Greene, T. & Beddhu, S. (2011). Higher serum bicarbonate levels within the normal range are associated with better survival and renal outcomes in African Americans. Kidney Int., 79(3), 356-362.eng
dcterms.referencesRavid, M., Lang, R., Rachmani, R. & Lishner, M. (1996). Long-term renoprotective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A 7-year follow-up study. Arch Intern Med., 156(3), 286-289.eng
dcterms.referencesRegistro Latinoamericano de Diálisis y Trasplante Renal (2014).spa
dcterms.referencesRuggenenti, P., Perna, A., Gherardi, G., Gaspari, F., Benini, R., & Remuzzi, G. (1998). Renal function and requirement for dialysis in chronic nephropathy patients on long-term ramipril: REIN follow-up trial. Lancet, 352(9136), 1252-1256.eng
dcterms.referencesRuggenenti, P., Perna, A. & Remuzzi, G. (2001). ACE inhibitors to prevent end-stage renal disease: when to start and why possibly never to stop: a post hoc analysis of the Rein trial results. Ramipril Efficacy in Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol., 12(12), 2832-2837.eng
dcterms.referencesSaenz, A., Fernandez-Esteban, I., Mataix, A. . . . et al. (2005). Metformin monotherapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 3(CD002966).eng
dcterms.referencesSchoolwerth, A., Engelgau, M., Hostetter, T., Rufo, K., Chianchiano, D., McClellan, W., . . . Vinicor, F. (2006). Enfermedad renal crónica: una carencia de la salud pública que requiere un plan de acción. Prev Chronic Dis, 3(2).spa
dcterms.referencesShepherd, J., Kastelein, J., Bittner, V., Deedwania, P., Breazna, A., Dobson, S., . . . et al. (2008). Intensive lipid lowering with atorvastatin in patients with coronary heart disease and chronic kidney disease: the TNT (Treating to New Targets) study. J Am Coll Cardiol., 1448-1454.eng
dcterms.referencesSimon, T. A., Paul, S., Wartenberg, D. & Tokars, J. I. (1999). Tuberculosis in hemodialysis patients in New Jersey: a statewide study. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol., 20(9), 607-609.eng
dcterms.referencesStrippoli, G., Bonifati, C., Craig, M., . . . et al. (2006). Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists for preventing the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4(CD006257).eng
dcterms.referencesSvensson, M., Schmidt, E., Jorgensen, K. & Christensen, J. (2006). N-3 Fatty Acids as Secondary Prevention Against Cardiovascular Events in Patients Who Undergo Chronic Hemodialysis: a randomized, placaebo-controlled intervention trial. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol., 1(4), 780-786.eng
dcterms.referencesTanus, R., Sarasino, L., Carlogmano, C., Rodano, J., Diez, O., Triay, C., . . . Tanus, E. (1987). Osteopatía en hemodiálisis crónica: uso de desferroxiamina. Rev Nefrol. Dial. y Trasp., (17), 23-32.spa
dcterms.referencesTeng, M., Wolf, M., Lowrie, E., Ofsthun, N., Lazarus, J. & Thadhani, R. (2003). Survival of Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis with Paricalcitol or Calcitriol Therapy. New England Journal of Medicine, 349(5), 446-456.eng
dcterms.referencesThe GISEN Group (Gruppo Italiano di Studi Epidemiologici in Nefrologia) (1997). Randomised placebo-controlled trial of effect of ramipril on decline in glomerular filtration rate and risk of terminal renal failure in proteinuric, non-diabetic nephropathy. Lancet, 349(9069), 1857-1863.eng
dcterms.referencesTonelli, M., Isles, C., Curhan, G., Tonkin, A., Pfeffer, M., Shepherd, J., . . . et al. (2004). Effect of pravastatin on cardiovascular events in people with chronic kidney disease. Circulation, 110(12), 1557-1563.eng
dcterms.referencesTurnbull, F., Abraira, C., Anderson, R., Byington, R., Chalmers, J., Duckworth, W., . . . et al. (2009). Intensive glucose control and macrovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia, 52(11), 2288-2298.eng
dcterms.referencesUhlig, K., Macleod, A., Craig, J., Lau, J., Levey, A., Levin, A., . . . Eknoyan, G. (December de 2006). Grading evidence and recommendations for clinical practice guidelines in nephrology. A position statement from Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Kidney Int., 70(12), 2058-2065.eng
dcterms.referencesUK, L. R. (2008). National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions. Type 2 diabetes: national clinical guideline for management in primary and secondary care (update). London: Royal College of Physicians.eng
dcterms.referencesONU (s.f.). El sistema de las Naciones Unidas. Recuperado el 23 de mayo de 2018, de http://www.un.org/es/aboutun/booklet/ ga.shtmlspa
dcterms.referencesVallejos, A. (2017). Primer Foro Global de Políticas sobre el Riñón. Rev Nefrol Dial Traspl., 37(2), 79-80.spa
dcterms.referencesWang, P., Lau, J. & Chalmers, T. (1993). Meta-analysis of effects of intensive blood-glucose control on late complications of type I diabetes. Lancet, 341(8856), 1306-1309.eng
dcterms.referencesWeir, M.-R. (2011). Acute fall in glomerular filtration rate with renin-angiotensin system inhibition: a biomeasure of therapeutic success[quest]. Kidney Int., 80(3), 235-237.eng
dcterms.referencesWHO (2014). Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2014. Ginebra: WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data.eng
dcterms.referencesWHO (2017a). Las 10 principales causas de defunción. Recuperado el 13 de mayo de 2018, de http://www.who.int/es/news-room/ fact-sheets/detail/the-top-10-causes-of-deathspa
dcterms.referencesWHO (2017b). WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. Recuperado el 21 de mayo de 2018, de http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/ essentialmedicines/20th_EML2017.pdf?ua=1spa
dcterms.referencesWHO (s.f.). WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. Recuperado el 27 de abril de 2018, de http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/ essentialmedicines/en/index.htmlspa
dcterms.referencesWilmer, W., Hebert, L., Lewis, E., Rohde, R., Whittier, F., Cattran, D., . . . Blumenthal, S. (1999). Remission of nephrotic syndrome in type 1 diabetes: long-term follow-up of patients in the Captopril Study. Am J Kidney Dis., 34(2), 308-314.eng
dcterms.referencesZeeuw, D. D., Agarwal, R., Amdahl, M., Audhya, P., Coyne, D., Garimella, T., . . . et al. (2010). Selective vitamin D receptor activation with paricalcitol for reduction of albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes (VITAL study): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet, 376(9752), 1543-1551.eng

Archivos

Bloque original
Mostrando 1 - 1 de 1
Cargando...
Miniatura
Nombre:
PDF.pdf
Tamaño:
7.19 MB
Formato:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Descripción:
PDF
Bloque de licencias
Mostrando 1 - 1 de 1
No hay miniatura disponible
Nombre:
license.txt
Tamaño:
1.71 KB
Formato:
Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
Descripción:

Colecciones