Alteraciones del funcionamiento ejecutivo y factores de riesgo asociados en 4 adolescentes en conflictos con la ley penal, internados en un centro de atención especial en La ciudad de Barranquilla. Un estudio de casos
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Fecha
2022
Autores
Llanos Barrios, Carlos Segundo
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
La presente investigación tiene como finalidad estudiar el funcionamiento ejecutivo en 4 adolescentes de 17 años, con conductas en conflicto con la ley Penal internos en el centro de reeducación para menores infractores EL OASIS en la ciudad de Barranquilla, describiendo de igual manera los factores psicosociales. El enfoque de investigación se realizó a través del análisis de casos, escogidos intencionalmente, previo al estudio de antecedentes y reportes dados por la institución donde se encuentran internados.
Metodología: los participantes fueron escogidos intencionalmente siendo estos internos del centro EL OASIS, contó con el diligenciamiento de los consentimientos informados por parte de los padres u adultos responsables; siguiendo los protocolos contemplados por la ley y el propio centro EL OASIS, ya que los menores de edad se encuentran en restablecimiento de derechos, de igual manera se contó con el acceso y revisión de las historias clínicas y luego se aplicaron los siguientes instrumentos, Batería de Funciones Ejecutivas y Lóbulos Frontales (BANFE), Escala de Inteligencia de Wechsler para Adultos- WISC IV y por último la Historia estructurada del desarrollo BASC.
Resultados: Se determina que los sujetos evaluados arrojaron compromisos a nivel de la corteza prefrontal orbitomedial con manifestaciones clínicas a nivel del control inhibitorio y en la capacidad para evaluar riesgos – beneficios, y que los principales factores de riesgos encontrados están relacionados con el uso de sustancias psicoactivas, incumplimiento de normas, y relaciones interpersonales disfuncionales.
The purpose of this research is to study executive functioning in 4 17-year-old adolescents, with behaviors in conflict with internal criminal law at the EL OASIS reeducation center for minor offenders in the city of Barranquilla, describing psychosocial factors in the same way. The research approach was carried out through case analysis, chosen intentionally, prior to the background study and reports given by the institution where they are inmates. The study is framed under the syndromic analysis proposed by Luria from the socio-historical neuropsychological model. Methodology: the participants were chosen intentionally, being these inmates of the EL OASIS center, they had the completion of the informed consents by the parents or responsible adults; following the protocols contemplated by law and the EL OASIS center itself, since minors are in reestablishment of rights, in the same way there was access and review of medical records and then the following instruments will be applied, Battery of Executive Functions and Frontal Lobes (BANFE), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adults- WISC IV and finally the Structured History of BASC development. Results: It is determined that the subjects evaluated showed compromises at the level of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex with clinical manifestations at the level of inhibitory control and in the ability to evaluate risks - benefits, and that the main risk factors found are related to the use of psychoactive substances, breach of rules, and dysfunctional interpersonal relationships.
The purpose of this research is to study executive functioning in 4 17-year-old adolescents, with behaviors in conflict with internal criminal law at the EL OASIS reeducation center for minor offenders in the city of Barranquilla, describing psychosocial factors in the same way. The research approach was carried out through case analysis, chosen intentionally, prior to the background study and reports given by the institution where they are inmates. The study is framed under the syndromic analysis proposed by Luria from the socio-historical neuropsychological model. Methodology: the participants were chosen intentionally, being these inmates of the EL OASIS center, they had the completion of the informed consents by the parents or responsible adults; following the protocols contemplated by law and the EL OASIS center itself, since minors are in reestablishment of rights, in the same way there was access and review of medical records and then the following instruments will be applied, Battery of Executive Functions and Frontal Lobes (BANFE), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Adults- WISC IV and finally the Structured History of BASC development. Results: It is determined that the subjects evaluated showed compromises at the level of the orbitomedial prefrontal cortex with clinical manifestations at the level of inhibitory control and in the ability to evaluate risks - benefits, and that the main risk factors found are related to the use of psychoactive substances, breach of rules, and dysfunctional interpersonal relationships.
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Palabras clave
Funcionamiento ejecutivo, Conductas en conflicto con la ley, Adolescentes, Factores de riesgo, Executive functioning, Behaviors in conflict with the law, Adolescents, Risk factors
