La importancia de la memoria histórica en los ejercicios de exigibilidad de derechos en contextos de conflicto armado en Colombia
Cargando...
Fecha
2025
Autores
Contreras Barrios, Laura Sofía
Cardona Larrotta, Yira Liliana
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El concepto de conflicto armado abarca tanto guerras internacionales como guerras civiles, sin
limitarse a una declaración formal de guerra entre Estados. También incluye enfrentamientos
prolongados dentro de un país, ya sea entre el gobierno y grupos armados organizados o entre
estos mismos, siempre y cuando que la violencia tenga una estructura organizada y sostenida. En
este sentido, Colombia ha sido escenario de un conflicto armado prolongado por más de 70 años,
dejando profundas huellas en la sociedad y afectando gravemente el tejido social con constantes
violaciones a los Derechos Humanos (DD.HH.) y al Derecho Internacional Humanitario (DIH).
Por ello, este ensayo se realizó a través de una investigación cualitativa, utilizando como técnica
de recolección de información la revisión documental, en la que se observó y analizo desde las
construcciones de diferentes estudios de este fenómeno social, como son las violencia y guerras
internas en el país y referencias conceptuales desde el ámbito internacional, nacional y local. De
esta manera, se pudo hacer un recorrido por las normativas de las memorias históricas, teniendo
como antecedente la ley 975 del 2005, que dispone la reincorporación de miembros de grupos
armados organizados al margen de la ley, que contribuyan de manera efectiva a la consecución de
la paz nacional, esta precede y da fuerza a la ley 1448 del 201, por la cual se convierte en robusto
normativo, también conocida como la Ley de Víctimas y de Restitución de Tierras, la cual es una
norma que establece medidas para atender, asistir y reparar a las víctimas del conflicto armado en
Colombia. Por igual, revisiones desde el Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica (2017,
2018,2024) y la Política Pública de Archivos de Derechos Humanos, Memoria Histórica y
Conflicto Armado (2017) cuyo objetivo es que “pretende servir de puente entre el pasado de
violaciones y conflicto y un futuro de paz y democracia en donde se respeten los derechos humanos, entre otros documentos. Dando como resultado de estas revisiones bibliográficas en
este ensayo, el análisis sobre tres ejes fundamentales; en primer lugar, la función de la memoria
histórica, en segundo la relación con la justicia y de tercero y último el impacto de la memoria
histórica en la sociedad.
The concept of armed conflict encompasses both international and civil wars, without being limited to a formal declaration of war between states. It also includes prolonged confrontations within a country, whether between the government and organized armed groups or among these groups themselves, if the violence has an organized and sustained structure. In this regard, Colombia has been the scene of a prolonged armed conflict for more than 70 years, leaving deep scars on society and severely affecting the social fabric with constant violations of Human Rights (HR) and International Humanitarian Law (IHL). Therefore, this essay was conducted through qualitative research, using document review as the information collection technique. The phenomenon was observed and analyzed based on various studies on internal violence and wars in the country, as well as conceptual references from international, national, and local perspectives. In this way, an exploration of regulations on historical memory was conducted, with Law 975 of 2005 as a precedent. This law provides for the reintegration of members of organized armed groups operating outside the law, who effectively contribute to achieving national peace. It precedes and strengthens Law 1448 of 2011, also known as the Victims and Land Restitution Law, which establishes measures to assist, support, and compensate victims of the armed conflict in Colombia. Additionally, reviews were conducted of documents from the National Center for Historical Memory (2017, 2018, 2024) and the Public Policy on Human Rights Archives, Historical Memory, and Armed Conflict (2017), which aims to "serve as a bridge between a past of violations and conflict and a future of peace and democracy where human rights are respected." As a result of these bibliographic reviews, this essay presents an analysis based on three fundamental axes: first, the role of historical memory; second, its relationship with justice; and third, its impact on society.
The concept of armed conflict encompasses both international and civil wars, without being limited to a formal declaration of war between states. It also includes prolonged confrontations within a country, whether between the government and organized armed groups or among these groups themselves, if the violence has an organized and sustained structure. In this regard, Colombia has been the scene of a prolonged armed conflict for more than 70 years, leaving deep scars on society and severely affecting the social fabric with constant violations of Human Rights (HR) and International Humanitarian Law (IHL). Therefore, this essay was conducted through qualitative research, using document review as the information collection technique. The phenomenon was observed and analyzed based on various studies on internal violence and wars in the country, as well as conceptual references from international, national, and local perspectives. In this way, an exploration of regulations on historical memory was conducted, with Law 975 of 2005 as a precedent. This law provides for the reintegration of members of organized armed groups operating outside the law, who effectively contribute to achieving national peace. It precedes and strengthens Law 1448 of 2011, also known as the Victims and Land Restitution Law, which establishes measures to assist, support, and compensate victims of the armed conflict in Colombia. Additionally, reviews were conducted of documents from the National Center for Historical Memory (2017, 2018, 2024) and the Public Policy on Human Rights Archives, Historical Memory, and Armed Conflict (2017), which aims to "serve as a bridge between a past of violations and conflict and a future of peace and democracy where human rights are respected." As a result of these bibliographic reviews, this essay presents an analysis based on three fundamental axes: first, the role of historical memory; second, its relationship with justice; and third, its impact on society.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Memoria histórica, Conflicto armado, Victimas, Verdad, Justicia y reparación, Derechos humanos, Reconciliación, Cultura de paz, Tejido social
