Análisis de escalas para la evaluación del adulto mayor usadas por fisioterapeutas: una revisión de literatura.
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Fecha
2021
Autores
Ballut Fontalvo, Remberto
De León De León, Dayelis Patricia
Larios Rugeles, María Fernanda
Umaña Fonseca, Eliyen
Vergara Torrado, Neibys Johanna
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Antecedentes: La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y la Asociación
Colombiana de Gerontología y Geriatría, se refieren al adulto mayor como cualquier
persona, sea hombre o mujer que sobrepase los 60 años de edad, es decir, que
están en la etapa de la vejez.
El proceso de envejecimiento, trae consigo una disminución de la funcionalidad del
organismo, pérdida de las capacidades y habilidades en relación a las actividades
diarias realizadas por el ser humano. Entre las que más afectan a la población adulta
mayor, es la disminución del movimiento, la fuerza, el equilibrio, la coordinación, la
autonomía, la visión y la audición; todo esto conllevando a accidentes,
frecuentemente caídas.
La evaluación en el adulto mayor deber ser periódica, a modo de valorar las
capacidades que presenten para realizar las distintas actividades, determinando
así, el grado de dependencia que puedan desarrollar a través de la aplicación de
instrumentos o escalas validadas, que, junto al examen clínico, permitan una
evaluación integral de esta población.
La motivación para realizar esta investigación surge a partir del hecho de la
importancia de que el fisioterapeuta conozca la gran variabilidad de escalas
existentes, su correcta utilización e importancia, permitiéndole así, lograr una
evaluación integral del adulto mayor en diferentes factores, como el desempeño en
las actividades básicas e instrumentales de la vida diaria, la marcha, equilibrio,
fuerza de miembros superiores e inferiores, resistencia aeróbica y flexibilidad.
Objetivo: Analizar las escalas para la evaluación del adulto mayor usadas por
fisioterapeutas basándose en la mejor evidencia científica disponible.
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Colombian Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics refer to the elderly as any person, be it a man or a woman who is over 60 years of age, that is, they are in the stage of old age. The aging process brings with it a decrease in the body's functionality, loss of capacities and abilities in relation to the daily activities carried out by the human being. Among those that most affect the older adult population is the decrease in movement, strength, balance, coordination, autonomy, vision and hearing; all this leading to accidents, frequently falls. The evaluation in the elderly must be periodic, in order to assess the capacities, they present to carry out the different activities, thus determining the degree of dependence that they can develop through the application of validated instruments or scales, which, together with the exam clinical, allow a comprehensive evaluation of this population. The motivation to carry out this research arises from the fact that it is important for the physiotherapist to know the great variability of existing scales, their correct use and importance, thus allowing him to achieve a comprehensive evaluation of the elderly in different factors, such as performance in the basic and instrumental activities of daily life, gait, balance, upper and lower limb strength, aerobic endurance and flexibility. Objective: Analyze the scales for the evaluation of the elderly used by physiotherapists based on the best available scientific evidence.
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Colombian Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics refer to the elderly as any person, be it a man or a woman who is over 60 years of age, that is, they are in the stage of old age. The aging process brings with it a decrease in the body's functionality, loss of capacities and abilities in relation to the daily activities carried out by the human being. Among those that most affect the older adult population is the decrease in movement, strength, balance, coordination, autonomy, vision and hearing; all this leading to accidents, frequently falls. The evaluation in the elderly must be periodic, in order to assess the capacities, they present to carry out the different activities, thus determining the degree of dependence that they can develop through the application of validated instruments or scales, which, together with the exam clinical, allow a comprehensive evaluation of this population. The motivation to carry out this research arises from the fact that it is important for the physiotherapist to know the great variability of existing scales, their correct use and importance, thus allowing him to achieve a comprehensive evaluation of the elderly in different factors, such as performance in the basic and instrumental activities of daily life, gait, balance, upper and lower limb strength, aerobic endurance and flexibility. Objective: Analyze the scales for the evaluation of the elderly used by physiotherapists based on the best available scientific evidence.
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Palabras clave
Personas mayores, Ancianos, Envejecimiento, Evaluación, Escalas
