Estrategias de direccionamiento para la convergencia tecnológica orientada al fortalecimiento de la productividad en emprendimientos de la región transfronteriza
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Fecha
2026
Autores
Barrera Gómez, José Alfonso
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ingenierías
Facultad de Ingenierías
Resumen
La investigación se sustenta en un enfoque epistemológico interpretativo, con un
diseño metodológico mixto de predominio cualitativo, que permite comprender de
manera integral las dinámicas internas de los emprendimientos y su relación con el
entorno. El estudio se desarrolla en varias fases: revisión sistemática y análisis
crítico del marco teórico, diseño y validación de instrumentos, recolección de
información empírica y análisis e interpretación de los resultados mediante técnicas
de triangulación metodológica. Para la recolección de datos se aplicó un instrumento
estructurado con escalas tipo Likert, dirigido a emprendimientos de la región
transfronteriza, el cual permitió evaluar dimensiones clave asociadas a los recursos
y capacidades estratégicas, la innovación y colaboración abierta, la capacidad
dinámica para el cambio, el crecimiento sostenido y la estrategia de convergencia
tecnológica.
Desde el punto de vista teórico, la investigación se apoya en cinco marcos
conceptuales fundamentales: el direccionamiento estratégico, la teoría de los
recursos y capacidades, la teoría del crecimiento endógeno, la teoría de la
capacidad dinámica y la teoría de la innovación abierta. Estas perspectivas permiten
comprender cómo los emprendimientos pueden alinear sus recursos internos con
las oportunidades del entorno, desarrollar capacidades adaptativas frente a la
incertidumbre tecnológica y articular procesos colaborativos para potenciar la
innovación. En particular, la teoría de las capacidades dinámicas aporta un marco
explicativo clave para analizar la habilidad de los emprendimientos de integrar,
reconfigurar y renovar sus recursos en contextos de alta volatilidad, mientras que la
innovación abierta destaca el papel de las alianzas estratégicas y las redes
interorganizacionales en la superación de limitaciones internas.
Los resultados del estudio evidencian que, si bien los emprendimientos analizados
presentan avances parciales en la adopción de tecnologías digitales, persisten
debilidades estructurales asociadas a la ausencia de una planificación estratégica
digital consolidada, la limitada integración operativa de tecnologías emergentes y la
escasa sistematización de procesos de innovación. Asimismo, se identifican
brechas significativas en la gestión del conocimiento, la articulación con actores del
ecosistema de innovación y la incorporación de criterios de sostenibilidad en la
estrategia empresarial. No obstante, también se reconocen fortalezas relevantes,
como el liderazgo organizacional, la legitimidad social de los emprendimientos y una
disposición favorable hacia la adopción tecnológica, lo cual constituye una base
estratégica para el desarrollo de procesos de convergencia tecnológica más
robustos.
A partir del análisis empírico y teórico, la investigación propone un marco estratégico
de direccionamiento para la convergencia tecnológica, que articula de manera
integrada los recursos y capacidades internas, las capacidades dinámicas, la
innovación colaborativa y el crecimiento sostenible. Este marco se concibe como
una guía orientadora para los emprendimientos de la región transfronteriza,
permitiéndoles diseñar estrategias tecnológicas coherentes con su contexto,
fortalecer su productividad y mejorar su posicionamiento competitivo. Asimismo, se
destaca la importancia de incorporar indicadores de seguimiento y evaluación, como
los propuestos desde el Balanced Scorecard, para asegurar la alineación entre la
estrategia tecnológica y los resultados organizacionales.
En conclusión, la investigación aporta al campo de la gestión de la tecnología y la
innovación al ofrecer una propuesta estratégica contextualizada que responde a las
particularidades de los emprendimientos en regiones transfronterizas. Desde una
perspectiva académica, contribuye a la integración teórica entre direccionamiento
estratégico, capacidades dinámicas e innovación abierta; y desde una perspectiva
práctica, proporciona insumos para la toma de decisiones estratégicas orientadas a
la convergencia tecnológica, la productividad y la sostenibilidad empresarial. De
este modo, el estudio reafirma que la convergencia tecnológica, cuando es
gestionada estratégicamente, se constituye en un motor clave para el desarrollo
económico y territorial en contextos de alta complejidad
The study adopts an interpretive epistemological approach, employing a mixedmethods research design with qualitative predominance, which allows for an indepth understanding of internal organizational dynamics and their interaction with the external environment. The research was developed through several phases, including a systematic literature review and critical theoretical analysis, instrument design and validation, empirical data collection, and data analysis and interpretation through methodological triangulation. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire with Likert-type scales applied to entrepreneurial ventures in the cross-border region. This instrument enabled the assessment of key dimensions related to strategic resources and capabilities, open innovation and collaboration, dynamic capability for change, sustained growth, and technological convergence strategy. From a theoretical perspective, the research is grounded in five core frameworks: strategic management, the resource-based view, endogenous growth theory, dynamic capabilities theory, and open innovation theory. These perspectives provide an integrated lens for understanding how entrepreneurial ventures can align internal resources with environmental opportunities, develop adaptive capabilities under conditions of technological uncertainty, and leverage collaborative processes to enhance innovation outcomes. In particular, dynamic capabilities theory offers a critical explanatory framework for analyzing firms’ ability to integrate, reconfigure, and renew resources in highly volatile environments, while open innovation theory underscores the relevance of strategic alliances and interorganizational networks in overcoming internal limitations. The empirical findings reveal that although the analyzed ventures demonstrate partial progress in the adoption of digital technologies, significant structural weaknesses persist. These include the absence of a consolidated digital strategic planning process, limited operational integration of emerging technologies, and insufficient systematization of innovation practices. Additionally, notable gaps were identified in knowledge management, engagement with innovation ecosystems, and the incorporation of sustainability criteria into business strategy. Nevertheless, the study also highlights relevant strengths, such as organizational leadership, social legitimacy, and a positive orientation toward technological adoption, which together constitute a strategic foundation for advancing more robust technological convergence processes. Based on the combined theoretical and empirical analysis, the research proposes a strategic framework for technological convergence, which integrally articulates internal resources and capabilities, dynamic capabilities, collaborative innovation, and sustainable growth. This framework is conceived as a guiding tool for entrepreneurial ventures in cross-border regions, enabling them to design technology-driven strategies aligned with their contextual realities, enhance productivity, and improve competitive positioning. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of incorporating monitoring and evaluation mechanisms—such as those derived from the Balanced Scorecard—to ensure alignment between technological strategy and organizational performance outcomes. In conclusion, this research contributes to the field of technology and innovation management by offering a context-sensitive strategic proposal tailored to the specific conditions of entrepreneurial ventures in cross-border regions. From an academic standpoint, it advances the theoretical integration of strategic management, dynamic capabilities, and open innovation. From a practical perspective, it provides decisionmaking inputs for the strategic management of technological convergence aimed at improving productivity and sustainability. Overall, the study confirms that when strategically managed, technological convergence becomes a key driver of organizational performance and territorial development in highly complex environments
The study adopts an interpretive epistemological approach, employing a mixedmethods research design with qualitative predominance, which allows for an indepth understanding of internal organizational dynamics and their interaction with the external environment. The research was developed through several phases, including a systematic literature review and critical theoretical analysis, instrument design and validation, empirical data collection, and data analysis and interpretation through methodological triangulation. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire with Likert-type scales applied to entrepreneurial ventures in the cross-border region. This instrument enabled the assessment of key dimensions related to strategic resources and capabilities, open innovation and collaboration, dynamic capability for change, sustained growth, and technological convergence strategy. From a theoretical perspective, the research is grounded in five core frameworks: strategic management, the resource-based view, endogenous growth theory, dynamic capabilities theory, and open innovation theory. These perspectives provide an integrated lens for understanding how entrepreneurial ventures can align internal resources with environmental opportunities, develop adaptive capabilities under conditions of technological uncertainty, and leverage collaborative processes to enhance innovation outcomes. In particular, dynamic capabilities theory offers a critical explanatory framework for analyzing firms’ ability to integrate, reconfigure, and renew resources in highly volatile environments, while open innovation theory underscores the relevance of strategic alliances and interorganizational networks in overcoming internal limitations. The empirical findings reveal that although the analyzed ventures demonstrate partial progress in the adoption of digital technologies, significant structural weaknesses persist. These include the absence of a consolidated digital strategic planning process, limited operational integration of emerging technologies, and insufficient systematization of innovation practices. Additionally, notable gaps were identified in knowledge management, engagement with innovation ecosystems, and the incorporation of sustainability criteria into business strategy. Nevertheless, the study also highlights relevant strengths, such as organizational leadership, social legitimacy, and a positive orientation toward technological adoption, which together constitute a strategic foundation for advancing more robust technological convergence processes. Based on the combined theoretical and empirical analysis, the research proposes a strategic framework for technological convergence, which integrally articulates internal resources and capabilities, dynamic capabilities, collaborative innovation, and sustainable growth. This framework is conceived as a guiding tool for entrepreneurial ventures in cross-border regions, enabling them to design technology-driven strategies aligned with their contextual realities, enhance productivity, and improve competitive positioning. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of incorporating monitoring and evaluation mechanisms—such as those derived from the Balanced Scorecard—to ensure alignment between technological strategy and organizational performance outcomes. In conclusion, this research contributes to the field of technology and innovation management by offering a context-sensitive strategic proposal tailored to the specific conditions of entrepreneurial ventures in cross-border regions. From an academic standpoint, it advances the theoretical integration of strategic management, dynamic capabilities, and open innovation. From a practical perspective, it provides decisionmaking inputs for the strategic management of technological convergence aimed at improving productivity and sustainability. Overall, the study confirms that when strategically managed, technological convergence becomes a key driver of organizational performance and territorial development in highly complex environments
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Palabras clave
Convergencia tecnológica, Direccionamiento estratégico, Capacidades dinámicas, Productividad, Emprendimientos transfronterizos
