Inserción de los derechos de la comunidad LGBTI en la Jurisprudencia Constitucional Colombiana
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Fecha
2021
Autores
Fruto Silvera, Yilver Andrés
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La investigación jurídica de este trabajo resalta, y da a conocer las disputas legales, constitucionales, y sociales, que han tenido las personas pertenecientes a la población LGBTI, debido a sus orientaciones e identificación sexuales. La forma como una institución legislativa (Congreso de la república) ha sido incapaz de poder garantizar los derechos LGBTI desde 1991 hasta el año 2020. y como finalmente la corte constitucional mediante fallos de inconstitucionalidad y fallos de tutelas han dado las conquistas legales a la población LGBTI. En este trabajo de investigación, hemos recopilado las sentencias o fallos de la Corte Constitucional, y hemos creado una línea jurisprudencial que inicia con los temas de carácter personal, hasta la conformación de familias, seguridad social, hasta en la manera como se regulan los comportamientos en instituciones militares y su acceso a estos tipos de servicios. la Corte Constitucional estableció como principio rector de un estado social de derecho, el respeto por las características y diferencias específicas de cada persona, así como el reconocimiento del libre desarrollo de la personalidad. Este último aspecto incluye el hecho que una persona se reconozcan con cualidades de otro género que no corresponde con la norma social o con su sexo biológico.
El proceso de inserción de los derechos de la comunidad LGBT en la jurisprudencia ha sido ampliamente estudiado e investigado, dado que esta población ha sido reconocida como un grupo que ha sido privado y excluido de la sociedad en general.
Con la promulgación de la nueva constitución política de Colombia se reconoce la igualdad y la libertad de todos los seres humanos (Constitución Política, 1991), en los Artículos 1, 2, 5, 13, entre otros, se habla del libre desarrollo de la personalidad, de la función del estado de proteger las libertades inherentes del ser y los derechos inalienables. Finalmente confirmamos, con el estudio y análisis de mas de 50 sentencias, que las personas LGBT y sus luchas legales ante la Corte constitucional, por el reconocimiento de sus derechos, si constituye conquistas legales, mas no constituye conquistas sociales, se observa a pesar de toda las sentencias proferidas por la Corte constitucional el desacato social, reiterativo de las instituciones del estado y la población civil. Como la Constitución Política de 1991 fue fundamental en el proceso histórico de reconocimiento de derechos a los homosexuales, por los valores y principios que consagra y por los instrumentos de protección jurídica como la acción de tutela, la cual se convirtió en una herramienta para la defensa de esta minoría. Así mismo, las acciones públicas de inconstitucionalidad o inexequibilidad han sido un mecanismo indispensable para alcanzar en ciertos derechos o situaciones jurídicas la igualdad de trato frente a parejas heterosexuales, respeto a la diferencia por orientación sexual y no discriminación. La Constitución Política en la que declara que el Estado colombiano está fundado “en el respeto de la dignidad humana”, por lo que la Corte Constitucional en numerosas sentencias de revisión de tutela y constitucionalidad ha establecido el contenido y alcance de este principio y derecho fundamental. Para ello se realizó una investigación de tipo documental, bajo el enfoque cualitativo, orientado por un paradigma hermenéutico-interpretativo que derivó en la realización de una línea jurisprudencial que permitiera comprender bajo qué enfoque fueron implementados estos derechos.
The legal research of this work highlights and reveals the legal, constitutional, and social disputes that people belonging to the LGBTI population have had, due to their sexual orientation and identification. The way a legislative institution (Congress of the Republic) has been unable to guarantee LGBTI rights from 1991 to 2020. and how finally the constitutional court through rulings of unconstitutionality and guardianship rulings have given legal conquests to the population LGBTI. In this research work, we have compiled the sentences or rulings of the Constitutional Court, and we have created a jurisprudential line that begins with personal issues, up to the formation of families, social security, even in the way behaviors are regulated. in military institutions and their access to these types of services. The Constitutional Court established as the guiding principle of a social state of law, respect for the characteristics and specific differences of each person, as well as the recognition of the free development of the personality. This last aspect includes the fact that a person recognizes themselves with qualities of another gender that does not correspond to the social norm or their biological sex. The process of inserting the rights of the LGBT community in jurisprudence has been widely studied and investigated, since this population has been recognized as a group that has been deprived and excluded from society in general. With the promulgation of the new political constitution of Colombia, equality and freedom of all human beings (Political Constitution, 1991), in Articles 1, 2, 5, 13, among others, they speak of the free development of the personality, of the function of the state to protect the inherent freedoms of being and the inalienable rights . Finally, we confirm, with the study and analysis of more than 50 judgments, that LGBT people and their legal struggles before the Constitutional Court, for the recognition of their rights, if it constitutes legal conquests, but does not constitute social conquests, it is observed despite all the judgments handed down by the Constitutional Court the repetitive social contempt of the institutions of the state and the civil population. As the Political Constitution of 1991 was fundamental in the historical process of recognition of rights to homosexuals, due to the values and principles that it enshrines and due to the instruments of legal protection such as the tutela action, which became a tool for the defense of this minority. Likewise, public actions of unconstitutionality or unenforceability have been an indispensable mechanism to achieve in certain rights or legal situations equal treatment against heterosexual couples, respect for differences due to sexual orientation and non-discrimination. The Political Constitution in which it declares that the Colombian State is founded "on respect for human dignity", for which reason the Constitutional Court in numerous judgments of review of guardianship and constitutionality has established the content and scope of this principle and fundamental right. For this, documentary-type research was carried out, under the qualitative approach, guided by a hermeneutical-interpretative paradigm that led to the realization of a jurisprudential line that would allow understanding under what approach these rights were implemented.
The legal research of this work highlights and reveals the legal, constitutional, and social disputes that people belonging to the LGBTI population have had, due to their sexual orientation and identification. The way a legislative institution (Congress of the Republic) has been unable to guarantee LGBTI rights from 1991 to 2020. and how finally the constitutional court through rulings of unconstitutionality and guardianship rulings have given legal conquests to the population LGBTI. In this research work, we have compiled the sentences or rulings of the Constitutional Court, and we have created a jurisprudential line that begins with personal issues, up to the formation of families, social security, even in the way behaviors are regulated. in military institutions and their access to these types of services. The Constitutional Court established as the guiding principle of a social state of law, respect for the characteristics and specific differences of each person, as well as the recognition of the free development of the personality. This last aspect includes the fact that a person recognizes themselves with qualities of another gender that does not correspond to the social norm or their biological sex. The process of inserting the rights of the LGBT community in jurisprudence has been widely studied and investigated, since this population has been recognized as a group that has been deprived and excluded from society in general. With the promulgation of the new political constitution of Colombia, equality and freedom of all human beings (Political Constitution, 1991), in Articles 1, 2, 5, 13, among others, they speak of the free development of the personality, of the function of the state to protect the inherent freedoms of being and the inalienable rights . Finally, we confirm, with the study and analysis of more than 50 judgments, that LGBT people and their legal struggles before the Constitutional Court, for the recognition of their rights, if it constitutes legal conquests, but does not constitute social conquests, it is observed despite all the judgments handed down by the Constitutional Court the repetitive social contempt of the institutions of the state and the civil population. As the Political Constitution of 1991 was fundamental in the historical process of recognition of rights to homosexuals, due to the values and principles that it enshrines and due to the instruments of legal protection such as the tutela action, which became a tool for the defense of this minority. Likewise, public actions of unconstitutionality or unenforceability have been an indispensable mechanism to achieve in certain rights or legal situations equal treatment against heterosexual couples, respect for differences due to sexual orientation and non-discrimination. The Political Constitution in which it declares that the Colombian State is founded "on respect for human dignity", for which reason the Constitutional Court in numerous judgments of review of guardianship and constitutionality has established the content and scope of this principle and fundamental right. For this, documentary-type research was carried out, under the qualitative approach, guided by a hermeneutical-interpretative paradigm that led to the realization of a jurisprudential line that would allow understanding under what approach these rights were implemented.
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Palabras clave
Inserción, Derechos, LGBTI, Jurídica, Constitucional, Insertion, Rights, LGBTI, Legal, Constitutional
