Propuesta para garantizar la seguridad social de los conductores de motocarro del municipio de Malambo - Atlántico 2022 - 2023
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Donado Álvarez, Juan José
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales.
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales.
Resumen
Dentro de estas actividades de trasporte informal se encuentra el servicio de motocarrismo,
regulado con el decreto 4125 de 2008, para entrar en operación en poblaciones
con 50000 habitantes o menos. Actualmente se considera uno de los medios de empleo
informal que ocupa gran cantidad de personas, en municipios como Malambo Atlántico,
donde además de la informalidad con que se maneja esta actividad laboral, no cuentan con
seguridad social, hay deficiencia administrativa, laboral y legal, lo cual precisamente es la
finalidad de la investigación aplicada, enfocada en el desarrollo de una propuesta en tal
sentido, planteando como opciones de examen investigativo el examen a la actualidad de la
seguridad social de conductores de motocarro, la revisión de la normatividad jurídica en la
materia y el diseño de una propuesta con bases teóricas, que garantice a esos trabajadores la
Seguridad Social, con lo cual se pretende ofrecer una alternativa de mejorar la situación
laboral de esta agremiación.
Metodológicamente, se usaron como herramientas de recopilación de la información
la consulta bibliográfica de textos, revistas jurídicas impresas y virtuales y el fichaje, donde
se halló información disponible del asunto investigado. Se empleo una orientación
deductiva y descriptiva, mediando la investigación tanto cualitativa como el uso de las
entrevistas, que arrojaron información cuantificable, como la cualitativa, que permitió el
análisis de la información recopilada, con lo cual fue posible llegar a una conclusión lógica
sobre el estado actual y el futuro que representa la situación de Seguridad Social de los
trabajadores independientes motivo de análisis, quiénes naturalmente son la población
objeto de investigación, para el caso de los motocarristas encuestados del municipio de
Malambo.
El único seguro o garantía con la que cuentan los conductores de motocarro es el
Seguro Obligatorio de Accidentes de Tránsito, en adelante, SOAT del vehículo y debido a
que su ingreso es diario y de manera independiente e informal no aportan a seguridad social
para garantizar jubilarse ni tienen seguro de cobertura de contingencias laborales, en caso
de accidentes u otras contingencias. Es por este motivo que resulta necesario la creación de
esta investigación para realizar una propuesta que garantice que los conductores de
motocarros del municipio de Malambo al momento de llegar a la vejez o en caso de que se
les presente alguna contingencia de carácter laboral, cuenten con las garantías mínimas del
SGSS.
En la población de Malambo se brinda a sus habitantes el servicio de motocarro
como medio de trasporte para llegar a los diferentes barrios y corregimientos del territorio
municipal, este servicio es prestado por personas que desarrollan su actividad de conductor
en calidad de trabajador independiente, recibiendo a cambio una contraprestación
económica por el pasajero que le solicita el servicio, y le paga el pasaje, una vez haya
dejado al pasajero en su lugar de destino. La actividad como conductor de motocarro se
ejerce del día domingo al otro domingo, con descanso de un día, el cual corresponde a
cuando el motocarro tiene pico y placa.
En la función del oficio de transportador el desarrollo de la actividad de transporte,
el conductor se expone a diferentes factores de riesgo como la lluvia, la constante
exposición al sol, los riesgos ergonómicos, fatiga visual , los posibles accidentes de tránsito
y diferentes elementos que pueden repercutir para producir enfermedades, sea de origen
común o laboral, como también un trabajo continuo casi permanente porque no hayan
encontrado en su vejez otra actividad que realizar como forma de sostenimiento diario para
ellos y sus familias.
Al parecer no ha sido tenido en cuenta que el desarrollar este tipo de labor de
conducción que se realiza en jornadas agotadoras, con las manos ocupadas en la misma
posición y manejar sobre distintos terrenos llanos, rocosos o arenosos, con el pasar del
tiempo podrían conllevar perjuicio para la salud y seguridad del trabajador y sin
garantizarle nada a futuro, debido a que actualmente, los conductores de motocarro no son
afiliados al SGSS.
Lo anterior implica perjudicar estas personas al exponerlas a alguna situación en el
ejercicio de su labor, sea en materia de salud, riesgos laborales o pensión, es así como, con
base en lo anterior, es necesario crear una estrategia para proteger y garantizar un trabajo
digno y decente, donde los conductores puedan laborar bajo la protección de un Estado
garantista.
De tal forma surge la idea o inquietud investigativa de presentar como propuesta la
creación de una entidad que administre y vincule a los tripulantes de motocarro al SGSS,
que se podrán afiliar con el concurso de recursos privados aportados diariamente por cada
conductor de motocarro y por otra parte con un porcentaje aportado por el Municipio de
Malambo en representación del Estado Colombiano y de la administración municipal
representada por su alcalde.
Esta estrategia se analizará empleando técnicas para recoger datos de tipo
documental, y las entrevistas, que permitirán identificar la viabilidad de la propuesta y que
pueda ser apoyada por el sector político y privado, impactando en este gremio de
trabajadores que actualmente presta un servicio con un alto índice de riesgo, pero, sin la
protección y garantías necesarias para laborar y poder vivir con dignidad.
Within these informal transport activities is the motorcycle-carrismo service, regulated by decree 4125 of 2008, to enter into operation in populations with 50,000 inhabitants or less. Currently it is considered one of the means of informal employment that employs a large number of people, in municipalities such as Malambo Atlántico, where in addition to the informality with which this work activity is handled, they do not have social security, there is administrative, labor and legal deficiency, which is precisely the purpose of the applied research, focused on the development of a proposal in this sense, proposing as investigative examination options the current examination of the social security of motorcycle drivers, the revision of the legal regulations in the matter and the design of a proposal with theoretical bases, which guarantees Social Security to these workers, with which it is intended to offer an alternative to improve the labor situation of this union. Methodologically, the bibliographical consultation of texts, printed and virtual legal magazines and the filing were used as information gathering tools, where available information on the subject investigated was found. A deductive and descriptive orientation was used, mediating both qualitative research and the use of interviews, which yielded quantifiable information, such as qualitative, which allowed the analysis of the information collected, with which it was possible to reach a logical conclusion about the current state and the future represented by the Social Security situation of the independent workers that are the subject of analysis, who are naturally the population under investigation, in the case of the motorcycle drivers surveyed in the municipality of Malambo. The only insurance or guarantee that motorcycle drivers have is the Compulsory Traffic Accident Insurance, hereinafter, SOAT of the vehicle and because their income is daily and independently and informally they do not contribute to social security to guarantee retirement nor do they have insurance to cover labor contingencies, in case of accidents or other contingencies. It is for this reason that it is necessary to create this research to make a proposal that guarantees that motorcycle drivers in the municipality of Malambo at the time of reaching old age or in the event that some contingency of a labor nature occurs, have the minimum guarantees of the SGSS. In the population of Malambo, the motorcycle service is provided to its inhabitants as a means of transportation to reach the different neighborhoods and corregimientos of the municipal territory, this service is provided by people who carry out their driver activity as an independent worker, receiving I exchange an economic consideration for the passenger who requests the service, and pays for the ticket, once the passenger has been left at their destination. The activity as a motorcycle driver is exercised from Sunday to the next Sunday, with a one-day rest, which corresponds to when the motorcycle has a peak and license plate. In the role of transporter, the development of the transport activity, the driver is exposed to different risk factors such as rain, constant exposure to the sun, ergonomic risks, visual fatigue, possible traffic accidents and different elements that They can have repercussions to produce illnesses, whether of common origin or work, as well as an almost permanent continuous job because in their old age they have not found another activity to carry out as a form of daily support for themselves and their families. Apparently it has not been taken into account that carrying out this type of driving work that is carried out in exhausting days, with the hands occupied in the same position and driving on different flat, rocky or sandy terrain, with the passage of time could lead to prejudice to the health and safety of the worker and without guaranteeing anything in the future, because currently, motorcycle drivers are not affiliated with the SGSS. The foregoing implies harming these people by exposing them to a situation in the exercise of their work, be it in terms of health, occupational risks or pension, this is how, based on the above, it is necessary to create a strategy to protect and guarantee a job dignified and decent, where drivers can work under the protection of a guarantor State. In this way, the idea or investigative concern arises to present as a proposal the creation of an entity that manages and links the motorcycle crew members to the SGSS, which may be affiliated with the contest of private resources contributed daily by each motorcycle driver and by another part with a percentage contributed by the Municipality of Malambo on behalf of the Colombian State and the municipal administration represented by its mayor. This strategy will be analyzed using techniques to collect documentary data, and interviews, which will make it possible to identify the feasibility of the proposal and that it can be supported by the political and private sector, impacting on this union of workers that currently provides a service with a high risk index, but without the necessary protection and guarantees to work and be able to live with dignity.
Within these informal transport activities is the motorcycle-carrismo service, regulated by decree 4125 of 2008, to enter into operation in populations with 50,000 inhabitants or less. Currently it is considered one of the means of informal employment that employs a large number of people, in municipalities such as Malambo Atlántico, where in addition to the informality with which this work activity is handled, they do not have social security, there is administrative, labor and legal deficiency, which is precisely the purpose of the applied research, focused on the development of a proposal in this sense, proposing as investigative examination options the current examination of the social security of motorcycle drivers, the revision of the legal regulations in the matter and the design of a proposal with theoretical bases, which guarantees Social Security to these workers, with which it is intended to offer an alternative to improve the labor situation of this union. Methodologically, the bibliographical consultation of texts, printed and virtual legal magazines and the filing were used as information gathering tools, where available information on the subject investigated was found. A deductive and descriptive orientation was used, mediating both qualitative research and the use of interviews, which yielded quantifiable information, such as qualitative, which allowed the analysis of the information collected, with which it was possible to reach a logical conclusion about the current state and the future represented by the Social Security situation of the independent workers that are the subject of analysis, who are naturally the population under investigation, in the case of the motorcycle drivers surveyed in the municipality of Malambo. The only insurance or guarantee that motorcycle drivers have is the Compulsory Traffic Accident Insurance, hereinafter, SOAT of the vehicle and because their income is daily and independently and informally they do not contribute to social security to guarantee retirement nor do they have insurance to cover labor contingencies, in case of accidents or other contingencies. It is for this reason that it is necessary to create this research to make a proposal that guarantees that motorcycle drivers in the municipality of Malambo at the time of reaching old age or in the event that some contingency of a labor nature occurs, have the minimum guarantees of the SGSS. In the population of Malambo, the motorcycle service is provided to its inhabitants as a means of transportation to reach the different neighborhoods and corregimientos of the municipal territory, this service is provided by people who carry out their driver activity as an independent worker, receiving I exchange an economic consideration for the passenger who requests the service, and pays for the ticket, once the passenger has been left at their destination. The activity as a motorcycle driver is exercised from Sunday to the next Sunday, with a one-day rest, which corresponds to when the motorcycle has a peak and license plate. In the role of transporter, the development of the transport activity, the driver is exposed to different risk factors such as rain, constant exposure to the sun, ergonomic risks, visual fatigue, possible traffic accidents and different elements that They can have repercussions to produce illnesses, whether of common origin or work, as well as an almost permanent continuous job because in their old age they have not found another activity to carry out as a form of daily support for themselves and their families. Apparently it has not been taken into account that carrying out this type of driving work that is carried out in exhausting days, with the hands occupied in the same position and driving on different flat, rocky or sandy terrain, with the passage of time could lead to prejudice to the health and safety of the worker and without guaranteeing anything in the future, because currently, motorcycle drivers are not affiliated with the SGSS. The foregoing implies harming these people by exposing them to a situation in the exercise of their work, be it in terms of health, occupational risks or pension, this is how, based on the above, it is necessary to create a strategy to protect and guarantee a job dignified and decent, where drivers can work under the protection of a guarantor State. In this way, the idea or investigative concern arises to present as a proposal the creation of an entity that manages and links the motorcycle crew members to the SGSS, which may be affiliated with the contest of private resources contributed daily by each motorcycle driver and by another part with a percentage contributed by the Municipality of Malambo on behalf of the Colombian State and the municipal administration represented by its mayor. This strategy will be analyzed using techniques to collect documentary data, and interviews, which will make it possible to identify the feasibility of the proposal and that it can be supported by the political and private sector, impacting on this union of workers that currently provides a service with a high risk index, but without the necessary protection and guarantees to work and be able to live with dignity.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Conductores, Motocarro, Malambo, Propuesta, Seguridad Social, Conductores de Motocarro
