Impacto del impuesto a las bebidas azucaradas en los hogares colombianos y su influencia en el consumo de estas bebidas
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Butrón Padilla, Angela Patricia
Caro Picalua, Fabian Andres
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Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar el impacto del impuesto a las
bebidas azucaradas en los hogares colombianos, evaluando su influencia en los
patrones de consumo y su efectividad como medida de salud pública. El problema
abordado se centró en tres líneas principales: la necesidad de valorar si el impuesto
realmente ha desincentivado el consumo de bebidas azucaradas; la evaluación de cómo
factores sociales, económicos y culturales influyen en la respuesta de los consumidores;
y la identificación de percepciones ciudadanas frente a esta medida fiscal. La
metodología empleada fue de enfoque cuantitativo con diseño de revisión documental,
basada en el análisis de fuentes secundarias como artículos científicos, informes oficiales
y datos estadísticos. Los resultados evidenciaron que el impuesto ha motivado en
algunos hogares la búsqueda de alternativas más saludables, aunque este cambio no ha
sido generalizado; además, se detectó que el comportamiento de consumo varía según
el nivel socioeconómico y la disponibilidad de productos saludables. También se observó
que el mercado ha comenzado a adaptarse con opciones reducidas en azúcar, y que la
aceptación del impuesto depende en gran parte de una adecuada comunicación pública.
Se concluye que, aunque el impuesto representa una herramienta útil para influir en el
consumo y reducir riesgos en salud pública, su efectividad requiere de estrategias
complementarias como educación nutricional y campañas informativas que generen
mayor conciencia ciudadana.
This research aimed to analyze the impact of the sugary beverage tax on Colombian households, evaluating its influence on consumption patterns and its effectiveness as a public health measure. The problem addressed focused on three main lines: the need to assess whether the tax has truly discouraged the consumption of sugary beverages; the evaluation of how social, economic, and cultural factors influence consumer response; and the identification of public perceptions of this tax measure. The methodology employed was a quantitative approach with a documentary review design, based on the analysis of secondary sources such as scientific articles, official reports, and statistical data. The results showed that the tax has motivated some households to search for healthier alternatives, although this change has not been widespread. Furthermore, it was found that consumption behavior varies according to socioeconomic level and the availability of healthy products. It was also observed that the market has begun to adapt to reduced-sugar options, and that acceptance of the tax depends largely on adequate public communication. The conclusion is that, although the tax represents a useful tool for influencing consumption and reducing public health risks, its effectiveness requires complementary strategies such as nutritional education and information campaigns that generate greater public awareness.
This research aimed to analyze the impact of the sugary beverage tax on Colombian households, evaluating its influence on consumption patterns and its effectiveness as a public health measure. The problem addressed focused on three main lines: the need to assess whether the tax has truly discouraged the consumption of sugary beverages; the evaluation of how social, economic, and cultural factors influence consumer response; and the identification of public perceptions of this tax measure. The methodology employed was a quantitative approach with a documentary review design, based on the analysis of secondary sources such as scientific articles, official reports, and statistical data. The results showed that the tax has motivated some households to search for healthier alternatives, although this change has not been widespread. Furthermore, it was found that consumption behavior varies according to socioeconomic level and the availability of healthy products. It was also observed that the market has begun to adapt to reduced-sugar options, and that acceptance of the tax depends largely on adequate public communication. The conclusion is that, although the tax represents a useful tool for influencing consumption and reducing public health risks, its effectiveness requires complementary strategies such as nutritional education and information campaigns that generate greater public awareness.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Impuesto a las bebidas azucaradas, Hogares Colombianos, Patrones de consumo, Salud pública, Alternativas saludables, Comunicación efectiva, Sostenibilidad del sistema de salud
