Análisis teórico y conceptual sobre el fenómeno “feminicidio” en Iberoamérica y su avance normativo en Colombia, a partir de la Constitución de 1991
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Fecha
2021
Autores
García Portillo, Amira
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Antecedentes: El análisis histórico de las actividades relacionadas con el rol del hombre y de la mujer durante diferentes épocas han determinado la construcción ideológica de subordinación y su carácter simbólico legitimado por la institución familiar y los grupos sociales. La violencia contra la mujer no es nueva y se desarrolla bajo dinámicas sociológicas que legitiman las creencias, las costumbres y la cultura, en épocas distintas. De lo expuesto surgen preguntas sobre ¿Cuál ha sido el papel histórico de la mujer dentro de la institución familiar y la sociedad? Y ¿Cuál es la construcción teórica y el simbolismo del Feminicidio?
Objetivo: La descripción histórica y social de la violencia de género en el marco del rol de la mujer frente al hombre como objeto y sujeto pasivo de la violencia intrafamiliar e íntima que legítima la familia y la sociedad y permiten caracterizar rasgos de la mujer como feminicidio y diferenciables del homicidio con lo cual se construye el marco teórico del constructo como vocablo que simboliza el fenómeno social. Analizar el papel histórico de la mujer y los factores que identifican su rol dentro de la familia y la sociedad.
Materiales y Método: La presente investigación pertenece a la disciplina social, su enfoque es cualitativo, bajo el paradigma histórico hermenéutico para la comprensión del análisis histórico de las causas del fenómeno “feminicidio” y mediante el proceso inductivo que permite describir la realidad desde lo particular a lo general. El método no es de verificación sino de comprensión e interpretación. La recolección y análisis de información permite la descripción del fenómeno social en razón del tiempo bajo el método de tipo longitudinal. La técnica usada es la revisión documental y la unidad de análisis la bibliográfica para el análisis de contenidos.
Resultados: Bajo el análisis histórico del papel de la mujer se analiza el fenómeno social que se simboliza a través del constructo “Feminicidio” que concreta el “significado de la muerte violenta de una mujer bajo patrones relacionados principalmente a la violencia intrafamiliar e íntima”. El concepto “feminicidio” parte del origen común del delito “Homicidio” y desde lo sociológico permite identificar sus rasgos frente a la relación víctima - sujeto activo, no es un vocablo común, porque simboliza en una palabra la muerte de una mujer como resultado de la violencia histórica. El término “feminicidio” establece un marco teórico inicial del crimen de una mujer bajo la discriminación, la desigualdad y la violencia sistemática y lo diferencia del término neutro “homicidio”. Las valoraciones sobre el género y la sexualidad condicionados por la cultura impregnan ese aprendizaje social e histórico que define el sexo y el género bajo simbolismos o interpretaciones que no provienen de realidades naturales sino de construcciones sociales, que coadyuva a que en la unidad familiar se establezcan estereotipos y, en ese sentido, el machismo que no es genético, sino que estipula roles para la mujer y el hombre, como el color rosa y azul. De lo expuesto se establece la importancia del análisis del fenómeno social desde la Teoría de Control Social y de la validez jurídica de la norma frente a la conducta de los individuos.
Background: The historical analysis of the activities related to the role of men and women during different times have determined the ideological construction of subordination and its symbolic character legitimized by the family institution and social groups. Violence against women is not new and develops under sociological dynamics that legitimize beliefs, customs and culture, at different times. From the above, questions arise about: What has been the historical role of women within the family institution and society? And what is the theoretical construction and symbolism of Femicide? Objective: The historical and social description of gender violence within the framework of the role of women in relation to men as the object and passive subject of intrafamily and intimate violence that legitimizes the family and society and allows characterizing features of women as feminicide and distinguishable of homicide with which the theoretical framework of the construct is built as a word that symbolizes the social phenomenon. Analyze the historical role of women and the factors that identify their role within the family and society. Materials and Method: This research belongs to the social discipline, its approach is qualitative, under the hermeneutical historical paradigm for the understanding of the historical analysis of the causes of the phenomenon "feminicide" and through the inductive process that allows to describe reality from the particular to the general. The method is not one of verification but one of understanding and interpretation. The collection and analysis of information allows the description of the social phenomenon based on time under the longitudinal type method. The technique used is the documentary review and the bibliographic unit of analysis for content analysis. Results: Under the historical analysis of the role of women, the social phenomenon that is symbolized through the construct “Femicide” that specifies the “meaning of the violent death of a woman under patterns related mainly to intrafamily and intimate violence” is analyzed. The concept "femicide" stems from the common origin of the crime "Homicide" and from the sociological point of view allows identifying its features in relation to the victim-active subject relationship, it is not a common word, because it symbolizes in a word the death of a woman as a result of historical violence. The term “feminicide” establishes an initial theoretical framework of the crime of a woman under discrimination, inequality and systematic violence and differentiates it from the neutral term “homicide”. Valuations of gender and sexuality conditioned by culture permeate that social and historical learning that defines sex and gender under symbolisms or interpretations that do not come from natural realities but from social constructions, which contributes to the establishment in the family unit stereotypes and, in that sense, machismo that is not genetic, but stipulates roles for women and men, such as the color pink and blue. From the above, the importance of the analysis of the social phenomenon from the Social Control Theory and of the legal validity of the norm against the behavior of individuals is established.
Background: The historical analysis of the activities related to the role of men and women during different times have determined the ideological construction of subordination and its symbolic character legitimized by the family institution and social groups. Violence against women is not new and develops under sociological dynamics that legitimize beliefs, customs and culture, at different times. From the above, questions arise about: What has been the historical role of women within the family institution and society? And what is the theoretical construction and symbolism of Femicide? Objective: The historical and social description of gender violence within the framework of the role of women in relation to men as the object and passive subject of intrafamily and intimate violence that legitimizes the family and society and allows characterizing features of women as feminicide and distinguishable of homicide with which the theoretical framework of the construct is built as a word that symbolizes the social phenomenon. Analyze the historical role of women and the factors that identify their role within the family and society. Materials and Method: This research belongs to the social discipline, its approach is qualitative, under the hermeneutical historical paradigm for the understanding of the historical analysis of the causes of the phenomenon "feminicide" and through the inductive process that allows to describe reality from the particular to the general. The method is not one of verification but one of understanding and interpretation. The collection and analysis of information allows the description of the social phenomenon based on time under the longitudinal type method. The technique used is the documentary review and the bibliographic unit of analysis for content analysis. Results: Under the historical analysis of the role of women, the social phenomenon that is symbolized through the construct “Femicide” that specifies the “meaning of the violent death of a woman under patterns related mainly to intrafamily and intimate violence” is analyzed. The concept "femicide" stems from the common origin of the crime "Homicide" and from the sociological point of view allows identifying its features in relation to the victim-active subject relationship, it is not a common word, because it symbolizes in a word the death of a woman as a result of historical violence. The term “feminicide” establishes an initial theoretical framework of the crime of a woman under discrimination, inequality and systematic violence and differentiates it from the neutral term “homicide”. Valuations of gender and sexuality conditioned by culture permeate that social and historical learning that defines sex and gender under symbolisms or interpretations that do not come from natural realities but from social constructions, which contributes to the establishment in the family unit stereotypes and, in that sense, machismo that is not genetic, but stipulates roles for women and men, such as the color pink and blue. From the above, the importance of the analysis of the social phenomenon from the Social Control Theory and of the legal validity of the norm against the behavior of individuals is established.
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Palabras clave
Feminicidio, Violencia intrafamiliar, Control social, Validez jurídica, Femicide, Domestic, Violence, Social control, Legal validity
