Determinantes de la hospitalización en pacientes con diagnóstico de bronquiolitis en Barranquilla, Colombia
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Fecha
2020
Autores
Betancur-Otalvaro, Juan P.
Estrada-Pedrozo, José E.
Pinillos-Patiño, Yisel
Prieto-Suárez, Edgar
García-Jiménez, Rafael
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Universidad Nacional
Resumen
Objetivo Describir la frecuencia de los factores de riesgo que inciden en la hospitalización de pacientes con diagnóstico de bronquiolitis atendidos en una empresa social del estado (ESE) ubicada en la ciudad de Barranquilla, Colombia.
Materiales y Métodos Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal retrospectivo. La fuente de información fueron las historias clínicas de ingresos al servicio de urgencias de los niños que fueron valorados por el servicio de pediatría entre los años 2016 y 2018. En total se evaluaron 865 historias, de las cuales se descartaron 103 por no cumplir con los criterios de inclusión descritos para el estudio.
Resultados Los factores de riesgo modificables fueron los que más se presentaron en el grupo estudiado. El que pudo tener mayor importancia fue la aparición de la enfermedad. La lactancia materna exclusiva inadecuada fue de gran relevancia para la aparición, así como la gravedad de la enfermedad.
Discusión Las enfermedades crónicas no modificables tienen relevancia por su relación con la aparición y la gravedad de enfermedades como la bronquiolitis. Factores variables como el bajo peso al nacer, la prematurez y la enfermedad cardiaca fueron considerados como los de mayor valor e importancia frente a la enfermedad en la población estudiada.
Conclusiones La mayoría de los factores de riesgo que inciden en los pacientes se podrían evitar o aminorar con educación y con estrategias de mejora en la comunidad.
Objective To describe the frequency of risk factors that have an impact on hospitalization of patients diagnosed with bronchiolitis and served in a state hospital located in Barranquilla, Colombia. Materials and Methods A retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed. The source of information was the medical records of children who were admitted to emergency service and valued by the pediatrics service between 2016 and 2018. 865 medical records were studied. 103 of them were discarded, because they did not meet the inclusion criteria described by the study. Results The modifiable risk factors were the ones that presented the most in the group studied. The onset of the disease could be the most important. Inadequate exclusive breastfeeding was of great importance for the onset, as well as the severity of the disease. Discussion Chronic non-modifiable diseases are relevant because of their relationship to the onset and severity of diseases such as bronchiolitis. Low birth weight, prematurity, and heart disease have the highest valuation and were considered the most important factors in relation to the disease in the studied population. Conclusions Most risk factors presented by patients could be avoided or reduced with education and strategies of improvement to the community, being able to decrease the appearance of the disease.
Objective To describe the frequency of risk factors that have an impact on hospitalization of patients diagnosed with bronchiolitis and served in a state hospital located in Barranquilla, Colombia. Materials and Methods A retrospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed. The source of information was the medical records of children who were admitted to emergency service and valued by the pediatrics service between 2016 and 2018. 865 medical records were studied. 103 of them were discarded, because they did not meet the inclusion criteria described by the study. Results The modifiable risk factors were the ones that presented the most in the group studied. The onset of the disease could be the most important. Inadequate exclusive breastfeeding was of great importance for the onset, as well as the severity of the disease. Discussion Chronic non-modifiable diseases are relevant because of their relationship to the onset and severity of diseases such as bronchiolitis. Low birth weight, prematurity, and heart disease have the highest valuation and were considered the most important factors in relation to the disease in the studied population. Conclusions Most risk factors presented by patients could be avoided or reduced with education and strategies of improvement to the community, being able to decrease the appearance of the disease.
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Palabras clave
Bronquiolitis, Factores de riesgo, Hospitalización, Bronchiolitis, Risk factors, Hospitalization
