La acción de nulidad y restablecimiento del derecho como garantía del debido proceso administrativo
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Lobo Guerra, Víctor Julio
Massi Gutiérrez, Víctor Jose
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La acción de nulidad y restablecimiento del derecho constituye uno de los pilares más relevantes del control jurisdiccional de la actividad administrativa en Colombia. A través de ella, no sólo se garantiza la supremacía del orden jurídico y el respeto a la legalidad, sino que además se materializa el principio constitucional del debido proceso, permitiendo que los ciudadanos cuenten con un instrumento efectivo frente a actos administrativos ilegales o arbitrarios emitidos por la administración.
Acción de carácter dual, al conjugar la anulación del acto con el restablecimiento del derecho lesionado le otorga una dimensión garantista que va más allá del control abstracto de legalidad, pues asegura la protección concreta de los derechos subjetivos de los administrados. En este sentido, se convierte en una vía que equilibra la relación de poder entre la administración y los particulares, consolidando la confianza en las instituciones y reafirmando el Estado social de derecho. Entonces, la acción de nulidad y restablecimiento del derecho es una herramienta indispensable en el derecho administrativo colombiano, no sólo por su eficacia práctica en la defensa de los derechos ciudadanos, sino también porque constituye una manifestación real de que la administración está sometida a la constitución, la ley y al control de los jueces. Su adecuada utilización fortalece el sistema democrático, la seguridad jurídica y la legitimidad de las decisiones públicas; en este contexto, se convierte en un contrapeso esencial frente al poder del Estado, permitiendo a los afectados solicitar al juez no sólo que declare la
ilegalidad del acto, sino que ordene el restablecimiento pleno de su situación jurídica, evitando que la vulneración se perpetúe en el tiempo. De esta manera, la acción fortalece la confianza de los ciudadanos en la justicia y garantiza que las autoridades administrativas no actúen de manera arbitraria, consolidando así la vigencia del principio de seguridad jurídica.
In conclusion, the action for annulment and restoration of rights constitutes one of the most important pillars of judicial review of administrative activity in Colombia. Through this legal mechanism, not only is the supremacy of the legal system and respect for the rule of law guaranteed, but the constitutional principle of due process is also upheld, allowing citizens to have an effective tool against illegal or arbitrary administrative acts issued by the authorities. This action has a dual nature: by combining the annulment of the act with the restoration of the violated right, it acquires a protective dimension that goes beyond the abstract control of legality, as it ensures the concrete protection of the subjective rights of the administered. In this sense, it becomes a mechanism that balances the power relationship between the administration and individuals, strengthens confidence in institutions, and reaffirms the social rule of law. Thus, the action for annulment and restoration of rights is an indispensable mechanism in Colombian administrative law, not only because of its practical effectiveness in defending citizens’ rights, but also because it represents a real manifestation that the administration is subject to the Constitution, the law, and judicial oversight. Its proper use reinforces the democratic system, legal certainty, and the legitimacy of public decisions; in this context, it becomes an essential counterweight to State power, allowing affected individuals to request that the judge not only declare the illegality of the act but also order the full restoration of their legal situation, preventing the violation from being perpetuated over time. In this way, the action strengthens citizens’ trust in justice and ensures that administrative authorities do not act arbitrarily, thus upholding the principle of legal certainty.
In conclusion, the action for annulment and restoration of rights constitutes one of the most important pillars of judicial review of administrative activity in Colombia. Through this legal mechanism, not only is the supremacy of the legal system and respect for the rule of law guaranteed, but the constitutional principle of due process is also upheld, allowing citizens to have an effective tool against illegal or arbitrary administrative acts issued by the authorities. This action has a dual nature: by combining the annulment of the act with the restoration of the violated right, it acquires a protective dimension that goes beyond the abstract control of legality, as it ensures the concrete protection of the subjective rights of the administered. In this sense, it becomes a mechanism that balances the power relationship between the administration and individuals, strengthens confidence in institutions, and reaffirms the social rule of law. Thus, the action for annulment and restoration of rights is an indispensable mechanism in Colombian administrative law, not only because of its practical effectiveness in defending citizens’ rights, but also because it represents a real manifestation that the administration is subject to the Constitution, the law, and judicial oversight. Its proper use reinforces the democratic system, legal certainty, and the legitimacy of public decisions; in this context, it becomes an essential counterweight to State power, allowing affected individuals to request that the judge not only declare the illegality of the act but also order the full restoration of their legal situation, preventing the violation from being perpetuated over time. In this way, the action strengthens citizens’ trust in justice and ensures that administrative authorities do not act arbitrarily, thus upholding the principle of legal certainty.
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Palabras clave
Reparación, Nulidad, Procedimiento, Irregular
