Obesity-Related kidney disease: A growing threat to renal health
datacite.rights | http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 | |
dc.contributor.author | León-Román, Juan Carlos | |
dc.contributor.author | López Martínez, Marina | |
dc.contributor.author | Esteves, Alexandra | |
dc.contributor.author | Ciudin, Andreea | |
dc.contributor.author | Núñez Delgado, Sara | |
dc.contributor.author | Álvarez, Tiffany | |
dc.contributor.author | Lecube, Albert | |
dc.contributor.author | Rico-Fontalvo, Jorge | |
dc.contributor.author | Soler, María José | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2025-07-15T21:14:25Z | |
dc.date.available | 2025-07-15T21:14:25Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2025 | |
dc.description.abstract | Obesity represents a serious and growing disease worldwide. The pathophysiological changes secondary to chronic inflammation lead to the development of diseases that increase the morbidity and mortality of individuals. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition with deleterious effects that acts bidirectionally with obesity. From approximately 20% to 30% of individuals share phenotypes of CKD and obesity, increasing their cardiovascular risk and the risk of other complications. Obesity and CKD form a vicious cycle in which inflammation is the central axis of multiorgan damage. Despite increasing the risk of cardiac and renal mortality, CKD progresses in relation to body mass index and albuminuria. Nowadays, the implementation of the new medications aimed at mitigating the peak of inflammation is becoming a cornerstone of treatments for obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and renal disease. | eng |
dc.format.mimetype | ||
dc.identifier.citation | León-Román, J.; López-Martínez, M.; Esteves, A.; Ciudin, A.; Núñez-Delgado, S.; Álvarez, T.; Lecube, A.; Rico-Fontalvo, J.; Soler, M.J. Obesity-Related Kidney Disease: A Growing Threat to Renal Health. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26, 6641. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26146641 | eng |
dc.identifier.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26146641 | |
dc.identifier.issn | 1422-0067 (Electrónico) | |
dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12442/16856 | |
dc.identifier.url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/26/14/6641 | |
dc.language.iso | eng | |
dc.publisher | MDPI | spa |
dc.rights | Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International | eng |
dc.rights.accessrights | info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess | |
dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ | |
dc.subject.keywords | Kidney disease | eng |
dc.subject.keywords | Obesity | eng |
dc.subject.keywords | Cardiovascular disease | eng |
dc.title | Obesity-Related kidney disease: A growing threat to renal health | eng |
dc.type.driver | info:eu-repo/semantics/article | |
dc.type.spa | Artículo científico | |
dcterms.references | Lingvay, I.; Cohen, R.V.; le Roux, C.W.; Sumithran, P. Obesity in adults. Lancet 2024, 404, 972–987. | eng |
dcterms.references | World Health Organization. News-Room Fact-Sheets Detail Obesity and Overweight. Available online: https://www.who.int/ news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight (accessed on 7 June 2025). | eng |
dcterms.references | Ng, M.; Gakidou, E.; Lo, J.; Abate, Y.H.; Abbafati, C.; Abbas, N.; Abbasian, M.; Abd ElHafeez, S.; Abdel-Rahman, W.M.; Abd-Elsalam, S.; et al. Global, regional, and national prevalence of adult overweight and obesity, 1990–2021, with forecasts to 2050: A forecasting study for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet 2025, 405, 813–838. | eng |
dcterms.references | Kaboré, S.; Millogo, T.; Soubeiga, J.K.; Lanou, H.; Bicaba, B.; Kouanda, S. Prevalence and risk factors for overweight and obesity: A cross-sectional countrywide study in Burkina Faso. BMJ Open 2020, 10, e032953. | eng |
dcterms.references | Yau, K.; Kuah, R.; Cherney, D.Z.I.; Lam, T.K.T. Obesity and the kidney: Mechanistic links and therapeutic advances. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2024, 20, 321–335. | eng |
dcterms.references | Rubino, F.; Cummings, D.E.; Eckel, R.H.; Cohen, R.V.; Wilding, J.P.H.; Brown, W.A.; Stanford, F.C.; Batterham, R.L.; Farooqi, I.S.; Farpour-Lambert, N.J.; et al. Definition and diagnostic criteria of clinical obesity. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2025, 13, 221–262. | eng |
dcterms.references | Després, J.-P. Body Fat Distribution and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: An update. Circulation 2012, 126, 1301–1313. | eng |
dcterms.references | Busetto, L.; Dicker, D.; Frühbeck, G.; Halford, J.C.G.; Sbraccia, P.; Yumuk, V.; Goossens, G.H. A new framework for the diagnosis, staging and management of obesity in adults. Nat. Med. 2024, 30, 2395–2399. | eng |
dcterms.references | Bremner, J.D.; Moazzami, K.; Wittbrodt, M.T.; Nye, J.A.; Lima, B.B.; Gillespie, C.F.; Rapaport, M.H.; Pearce, B.D.; Shah, A.J.; Vaccarino, V. Diet, Stress and Mental Health. Nutrients 2020, 12, 2428. | eng |
dcterms.references | Powell-Wiley, T.M.; Poirier, P.; Burke, L.E.; Després, J.-P.; Gordon-Larsen, P.; Lavie, C.J.; Lear, S.A.; Ndumele, C.E.; Neeland, I.J.; Sanders, P.; et al. Obesity and Cardiovascular Disease: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2021, 143, e984–e1010. | eng |
dcterms.references | Avgerinos, K.I.; Spyrou, N.; Mantzoros, C.S.; Dalamaga, M. Obesity and cancer risk: Emerging biological mechanisms and perspectives. Metabolism 2019, 92, 121–135. | eng |
dcterms.references | Zhang, X.; Ma, N.; Lin, Q.; Chen, K.; Zheng, F.; Wu, J.; Dong, X.; Niu, W. Body Roundness Index and All-Cause Mortality Among US Adults. JAMA Netw. Open 2024, 7, e2415051. | eng |
dcterms.references | Frühbeck, G.; Busetto, L.; Dicker, D.; Yumuk, V.; Goossens, G.H.; Hebebrand, J.; Halford, J.G.; Farpour-Lambert, N.J.; Blaak, E.E.; Woodward, E.; et al. The ABCD of Obesity: An EASO Position Statement on a Diagnostic Term with Clinical and Scientific Implications. Obes. Facts 2019, 12, 131–136. | eng |
dcterms.references | Jager, K.J.; Kovesdy, C.; Langham, R.; Rosenberg, M.; Jha, V.; Zoccali, C. A single number for advocacy and communication— Worldwide more than 850 million individuals have kidney diseases. Kidney Int. 2019, 96, 1048–1050. | eng |
dcterms.references | Kovesdy, C.P. Epidemiology of Chronic Kidney Disease: An Update in Kidney International Supplements; Elsevier B.V.: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2022; Volume 12, pp. 7–11. | eng |
dcterms.references | Chang, A.R.; Grams, M.E.; Ballew, S.H.; Bilo, H.; Correa, A.; Evans, M.; Gutierrez, O.M.; Hosseinpanah, F.; Iseki, K.; Kenealy, T.; et al. Adiposity and risk of decline in glomerular filtration rate: Meta-analysis of individual participant data in a global consortium. BMJ 2019, 364, k5301. | eng |
dcterms.references | García-Carro, C.; Vergara, A.; Bermejo, S.; Azancot, M.A.; Sellarés, J.; Soler, M.J. A Nephrologist Perspective on Obesity: From Kidney Injury to Clinical Management. Front. Med. 2021, 8, 655871 | eng |
dcterms.references | Griffin, K.A.; Kramer, H.; Bidani, A.K. Adverse renal consequences of obesity. Am. J. Physiol.-Ren. Physiol. 2008, 294, F685–F696. | eng |
dcterms.references | Xu, X.; Huang, X.; Zhang, L.; Huang, X.; Qin, Z.; Hua, F. Adiponectin protects obesity-related glomerulopathy by inhibiting ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammation pathway. BMC Nephrol. 2021, 22, 218. | eng |
dcterms.references | Hall, J.E.; do Carmo, J.M.; da Silva, A.A.; Wang, Z.; Hall, M.E. Obesity-Induced Hypertension. Circ. Res. 2015, 116, 991–1006. | eng |
dcterms.references | Perdomo, C.M.; Cohen, R.V.; Sumithran, P.; Clément, K.; Frühbeck, G. Contemporary medical, device, and surgical therapies for obesity in adults. Lancet 2023, 401, 1116–1130. | eng |
dcterms.references | Soták, M.; Clark, M.; Suur, B.E.; Börgeson, E. Inflammation and resolution in obesity. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2025, 21, 45–61. | eng |
dcterms.references | Hall, J.E.; do Carmo, J.M.; da Silva, A.A.; Wang, Z.; Hall, M.E. Obesity, kidney dysfunction and hypertension: Mechanistic links. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 2019, 15, 367–385. | eng |
dcterms.references | Briffa, J.F.; McAinch, A.J.; Poronnik, P.; Hryciw, D.H. Adipokines as a link between obesity and chronic kidney disease. Am. J. Physiol. Physiol. 2013, 305, F1629–F1636. | eng |
dcterms.references | Przybycínski, J.; Dziedziejko, V.; Puchałowicz, K.; Dománski, L.; Pawlik, A. Adiponectin in Chronic Kidney Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2020, 21, 9375. | eng |
dcterms.references | Meyvis, K.; Verrijken, A.; Wouters, K.; Van Gaal, L. Plasma adiponectin level is inversely correlated with albuminuria in overweight and obese nondiabetic individuals. Metabolism 2013, 62, 1570–1576. | eng |
dcterms.references | Fang, F.; Bae, E.H.; Hu, A.; Liu, G.C.; Zhou, X.; Williams, V.; Maksimowski, N.; Lu, C.; Konvalinka, A.; John, R.; et al. Deletion of the gene for adiponectin accelerates diabetic nephropathy in the Ins2 +/C96Y mouse. Diabetologia 2015, 58, 1668–1678 | eng |
dcterms.references | Considine, R.V. Increased Serum Leptin Indicates Leptin Resistance in Obesity. Clin. Chem. 2011, 57, 1461–1462. | eng |
dcterms.references | Zhao, J.; Rui, H.; Yang, M.; Sun, L.; Dong, H.; Cheng, H. CD36-Mediated Lipid Accumulation and Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome Lead to Podocyte Injury in Obesity-Related Glomerulopathy. Mediat. Inflamm. 2019, 2019, 3172647. | eng |
dcterms.references | Rampanelli, E.; Orsó, E.; Ochodnicky, P.; Liebisch, G.; Bakker, P.J.; Claessen, N.; Butter, L.M.; Weerman, M.A.v.D.B.; Florquin, S.; Schmitz, G.; et al. Metabolic injury-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation dampens phospholipid degradation. Sci. Rep. 2017, 7, 2861. | eng |
dcterms.references | Ke, B.; Shen, W.; Fang, X.; Wu, Q. The NLPR3 inflammasome and obesity-related kidney disease. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 2017, 22, 16–24 | eng |
dcterms.references | Yamamoto, T.; Takabatake, Y.; Takahashi, A.; Kimura, T.; Namba, T.; Matsuda, J.; Minami, S.; Kaimori, J.-Y.; Matsui, I.; Matsusaka, T.; et al. High-Fat Diet–Induced Lysosomal Dysfunction and Impaired Autophagic Flux Contribute to Lipotoxicity in the Kidney. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2017, 28, 1534–1551. | eng |
dcterms.references | Jiang, Z.; Wang, Y.; Zhao, X.; Cui, H.; Han, M.; Ren, X.; Gang, X.; Wang, G. Obesity and chronic kidney disease. Am. J. Physiol.-Endocrinol. Metab. 2023, 324, E24–E41. | eng |
dcterms.references | Lovre, D.; Shah, S.; Sihota, A.; Fonseca, V.A. Managing Diabetes and Cardiovascular Risk in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. Endocrinol. Metab. Clin. North Am. 2018, 47, 237–257 | eng |
dcterms.references | Popkov, V.A.; Zharikova, A.A.; Demchenko, E.A.; Andrianova, N.V.; Zorov, D.B.; Plotnikov, E.Y. Gut Microbiota as a Source of Uremic Toxins. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 483. | eng |
dcterms.references | López-Contreras, B.E.; Morán-Ramos, S.; Villarruel-Vázquez, R.; Macías-Kauffer, L.; Villamil-Ramírez, H.; León-Mimila, P.; Vega-Badillo, J.; Sánchez-Muñoz, F.; Llanos-Moreno, L.E.; Canizalez-Román, A.; et al. Composition of gut microbiota in obese and normal-weight Mexican school-age children and its association with metabolic traits. Pediatr. Obes. 2018, 13, 381–388. | eng |
dcterms.references | Arneth, B. Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance in Patients with Obesity. Endocrines 2024, 5, 153–165. | eng |
dcterms.references | Piwkowska, A.; Rogacka, D.; Kasztan, M.; Angielski, S.; Jankowski, M. Insulin increases glomerular filtration barrier permeability through dimerization of protein kinase G type Iα subunits. Biochim. Biophys. Acta (BBA)-Mol. Basis Dis. 2013, 1832, 791–804. | eng |
dcterms.references | Coward, R.; Fornoni, A. Insulin signaling. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. 2015, 24, 104–110. | eng |
dcterms.references | Welsh, G.I.; Hale, L.J.; Eremina, V.; Jeansson, M.; Maezawa, Y.; Lennon, R.; Pons, D.A.; Owen, R.J.; Satchell, S.C.; Miles, M.J.; et al. Insulin Signaling to the Glomerular Podocyte Is Critical for Normal Kidney Function. Cell Metab. 2010, 12, 329–340. | eng |
dcterms.references | Wasik, A.A.; Lehtonen, S. Glucose Transporters in Diabetic Kidney Disease—Friends or Foes? Front. Endocrinol. 2018, 9, 155. | eng |
dcterms.references | Brauer, M.; A Roth, G.; Aravkin, A.Y.; Zheng, P.; Abate, K.H.; Abate, Y.H.; Abbafati, C.; Abbasgholizadeh, R.; Abbasi, M.A.; Abbasian, M.; et al. Global burden and strength of evidence for 88 risk factors in 204 countries and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet 2024, 403, 2162–2203. | eng |
dcterms.references | Segev, D.L.; Simpkins, C.E.; Thompson, R.E.; Locke, J.E.; Warren, D.S.; Montgomery, R.A. Obesity Impacts Access to Kidney Transplantation. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2008, 19, 349–355. | eng |
dcterms.references | Jay, C.; Schold, J.D. Measuring Transplant Center Performance: The Goals Are Not Controversial but the Methods and Consequences Can Be. Curr. Transplant. Rep. 2017, 4, 52–58 | eng |
dcterms.references | Valizadeh, M.; Ahmadi, A.R.; Abbaspour, F.; Valizadeh, A.; Syed Hasani, A.H.; Moteshakereh, S.M.; Nikoohemmat, M.; Abiri, B. The risk of kidney dysfunction in metabolically healthy/unhealthy population with normal weight or overweight/obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eat. Weight Disord.-Stud. Anorex. Bulim. Obes. 2024, 29, 69. | eng |
dcterms.references | de Vries, A.P.J.; Ruggenenti, P.; Ruan, X.Z.; Praga, M.; Cruzado, J.M.; Bajema, I.M.; D’AGati, V.D.; Lamb, H.J.; Barlovic, D.P.; Hojs, R.; et al. Fatty kidney: Emerging role of ectopic lipid in obesity-related renal disease. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014, 2, 417–426. | eng |
dcterms.references | Kovesdy, C.P.; Furth, S.L.; Zoccali, C.; World Kidney Day Steering Committee. Obesity and kidney disease: Hidden consequences of the epidemic. Kidney Int. 2017, 91, 260–262. | eng |
dcterms.references | D’AGati, V.D.; Chagnac, A.; de Vries, A.P.; Levi, M.; Porrini, E.; Herman-Edelstein, M.; Praga, M. Obesity-related glomerulopathy: Clinical and pathologic characteristics and pathogenesis. Nat. Rev. Nephrol. 2016, 12, 453–471. | eng |
dcterms.references | Tsuboi, N.; Okabayashi, Y.; Shimizu, A.; Yokoo, T. The Renal Pathology of Obesity. Kidney Int. Rep. 2017, 2, 251–260. | eng |
dcterms.references | Nawaz, S.; Chinnadurai, R.; Al-Chalabi, S.; Evans, P.; Kalra, P.A.; Syed, A.A.; Sinha, S. Obesity and chronic kidney disease: A current review. Obes. Sci. Pract. 2023, 9, 61–74. | eng |
dcterms.references | Kambham, N.; Markowitz, G.S.; Valeri, A.M.; Lin, J.; D’AGati, V.D. Obesity-related glomerulopathy: An emerging epidemic. Kidney Int. 2001, 59, 1498–1509. | eng |
dcterms.references | Navarro-Díaz, M.; López-Martínez, M. The Role of miRNAs as Early Biomarkers in Obesity-Related Glomerulopathy: Implications for Early Detection and Treatment. Biomedicines 2025, 13, 1030. | eng |
dcterms.references | Kriz, W.; Lemley, K.V. A Potential Role for Mechanical Forces in the Detachment of Podocytes and the Progression of CKD. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2015, 26, 258–269 | eng |
dcterms.references | López-Martínez, M.; Armengol, M.P.; Pey, I.; Farré, X.; Rodríguez-Martínez, P.; Ferrer, M.; Porrini, E.; Luis-Lima, S.; Díaz-Martín, L.; Rodríguez-Rodríguez, A.E.; et al. Integrated miRNA–mRNA Analysis Reveals Critical miRNAs and Targets in Diet-Induced Obesity-Related Glomerulopathy. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 6437. | eng |
dcterms.references | Koskinas, K.C.; Van Craenenbroeck, E.M.; Antoniades, C.; Blüher, M.; Gorter, T.M.; Hanssen, H.; Marx, N.; McDonagh, T.A.; Mingrone, G.; Rosengren, A.; et al. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: An ESC clinical consensus statement. Eur. Heart J. 2024, 45, 4063–4098. | eng |
dcterms.references | Polkinghorne, M.D.; West, H.W.; Antoniades, C. Adipose Tissue in Cardiovascular Disease: From Basic Science to Clinical Translation. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 2024, 86, 175–198. | eng |
dcterms.references | Libby, P. The changing landscape of atherosclerosis. Nature 2021, 592, 524–533. | eng |
dcterms.references | Lopez-Jimenez, F.; Almahmeed, W.; Bays, H.; Cuevas, A.; Di Angelantonio, E.; le Roux, C.W.; Sattar, N.; Sun, M.C.; Wittert, G.; Pinto, F.J.; et al. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: Mechanistic insights and management strategies. A joint position paper by the World Heart Federation and World Obesity Federation. Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol. 2022, 29, 2218–2237. | eng |
dcterms.references | Ndumele, C.E.; Rangaswami, J.; Chow, S.L.; Neeland, I.J.; Tuttle, K.R.; Khan, S.S.; Coresh, J.; Mathew, R.O.; Baker-Smith, C.M.; Carnethon, M.R.; et al. Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Health: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2023, 148, 1606–1635. | eng |
dcterms.references | Hossain, M.J.; Al-Mamun, M.; Islam, M.R. Diabetes mellitus, the fastest growing global public health concern: Early detection should be focused. Health Sci Rep. 2024, 7, e2004 | eng |
dcterms.references | Ruze, R.; Liu, T.; Zou, X.; Song, J.; Chen, Y.; Xu, R.; Yin, X.; Xu, Q. Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Connections in epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatments. Front. Endocrinol. 2023, 14, 1161521. | eng |
dcterms.references | Okunogbe, A.; Nugent, R.; Spencer, G.; Powis, J.; Ralston, J.; Wilding, J. Economic impacts of overweight and obesity: Current and future estimates for 161 countries. BMJ Glob. Health 2022, 7, e009773. | eng |
dcterms.references | Moreno-Pérez, O.; Reyes-García, R.; Modrego-Pardo, I.; López-Martínez, M.; Soler, M.J. Are we ready for an adipocentric approach in people living with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease? Clin. Kidney J. 2024, 17, sfae039. | eng |
dcterms.references | Wadden, T.A.; Tronieri, J.S.; Butryn, M.L. Lifestyle modification approaches for the treatment of obesity in adults. Am. Psychol. 2020, 75, 235–251. | eng |
dcterms.references | Brenner, B.M.; E Cooper, M.; de Zeeuw, D.; Grunfeld, J.-P.; Keane, W.F.; Kurokawa, K.; McGill, J.B.; E Mitch, W.; Parving, H.H.; Remuzzi, G.; et al. The losartan renal protection study—Rationale, study design and baseline characteristics of RENAAL (Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan). J. Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Syst. 2000, 1, 328–335. | eng |
dcterms.references | Lewis, E.J. The role of angiotensin II receptor blockers in preventing the progression of renal disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. Am. J. Hypertens. 2002, 15, 123S–128S. | eng |
dcterms.references | Wang, J.-Y.; Wang, Q.-W.; Yang, X.-Y.; Yang, W.; Li, D.-R.; Jin, J.-Y.; Zhang, H.-C.; Zhang, X.-F. GLP−1 receptor agonists for the treatment of obesity: Role as a promising approach. Front. Endocrinol. 2023, 14, 1085799. | eng |
dcterms.references | Ussher, J.R.; Drucker, D.J. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists: Cardiovascular benefits and mechanisms of action. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 2023, 20, 463–474. | eng |
dcterms.references | Méndez Fernández, A.B.; Vergara Arana, A.; Olivella San Emeterio, A.; Azancot Rivero, M.A.; Soriano Colome, T.; Soler Romeo, M.J. Cardiorenal syndrome and diabetes: An evil pairing. Front. Cardiovasc. Med. 2023, 10, 1185707. | eng |
dcterms.references | Rico-Fontalvo, J.; Reina, M.; Soler, M.J.; Unigarro-Palacios, M.; Castañeda-González, J.P.; Quintero, J.J.; Raad-Sarabia, M.; de Moraes, T.P.; Daza-Arnedo, R. Kidney effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 (GLP1): From molecular foundations to a pharmaco physiological perspective. Braz. J. Nephrol. 2024, 46, e20240101 | eng |
dcterms.references | Marso, S.P.; Daniels, G.H.; Brown-Frandsen, K.; Kristensen, P.; Mann, J.F.E.; Nauck, M.A.; Nissen, S.E.; Pocock, S.; Poulter, N.R.; Ravn, L.S.; et al. Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 2016, 375, 311–322. | eng |
dcterms.references | Marso, S.P.; Bain, S.C.; Consoli, A.; Eliaschewitz, F.G.; Jódar, E.; Leiter, L.A.; Lingvay, I.; Rosenstock, J.; Seufert, J.; Warren, M.L.; et al. Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 2016, 375, 1834–1844. | eng |
dcterms.references | Gerstein, H.C.; Colhoun, H.M.; Dagenais, G.R.; Diaz, R.; Lakshmanan, M.; Pais, P.; Probstfield, J.; Riesmeyer, J.S.; Riddle, M.C.; Rydén, L.; et al. Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): A double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2019, 394, 121–130. | eng |
dcterms.references | Green, J.B.; Hernandez, A.F.; D’Agostino, R.B.; Granger, C.B.; Janmohamed, S.; Jones, N.P.; Leiter, L.A.; Noronha, D.; Russell, R.; Sigmon, K.; et al. Harmony Outcomes: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the effect of albiglutide on major cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus—Rationale, design, and baseline characteristics. Am. Heart J. 2018, 203, 30–38. | eng |
dcterms.references | Lincoff, A.M.; Brown-Frandsen, K.; Colhoun, H.M.; Deanfield, J.; Emerson, S.S.; Esbjerg, S.; Hardt-Lindberg, S.; Hovingh, G.K.; Kahn, S.E.; Kushner, R.F.; et al. Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Obesity without Diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 2023, 389, 2221–2232. | eng |
dcterms.references | McGuire, D.K.; Marx, N.; Mulvagh, S.L.; Deanfield, J.E.; Inzucchi, S.E.; Pop-Busui, R.; Mann, J.F.; Emerson, S.S.; Poulter, N.R.; Engelmann, M.D.; et al. Oral Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in High-Risk Type 2 Diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 2025, 392, 2001–2012 | eng |
dcterms.references | Gerstein, H.C.; Sattar, N.; Rosenstock, J.; Ramasundarahettige, C.; Pratley, R.; Lopes, R.D.; Lam, C.S.; Khurmi, N.S.; Heenan, L.; Del Prato, S.; et al. Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with Efpeglenatide in Type 2 Diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 2021, 385, 896–907. | eng |
dcterms.references | Tuttle, K.R.; Lakshmanan, M.C.; Rayner, B.; Busch, R.S.; Zimmermann, A.G.; Woodward, D.B.; Botros, F.T. Dulaglutide versus insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease (AWARD-7): A multicentre, open-label, randomised trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018, 6, 605–617. | eng |
dcterms.references | Gragnano, F.; De Sio, V.; Calabrò, P. FLOW trial stopped early due to evidence of renal protection with semaglutide. Eur. Hear. J.-Cardiovasc. Pharmacother. 2024, 10, 7–9. | eng |
dcterms.references | Apperloo, E.M.; Gorriz, J.L.; Soler, M.J.; Guldris, S.C.; Cruzado, J.M.; Puchades, M.J.; López-Martínez, M.; Waanders, F.; Laverman, G.D.; Beek, A.v.d.A.-V.d.; et al. Semaglutide in patients with overweight or obesity and chronic kidney disease without diabetes: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Nat. Med. 2025, 31, 278–285. | eng |
dcterms.references | Vergara, A.; Jacobs-Cacha, C.; Llorens-Cebria, C.; Ortiz, A.; Martinez-Diaz, I.; Martos, N.; Dominguez-Báez, P.; Bosch, M.M.V.D.; Bermejo, S.; Pieper, M.P.; et al. Enhanced Cardiorenal Protective Effects of Combining SGLT2 Inhibition, Endothelin Receptor Antagonism and RAS Blockade in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 12823. | eng |
dcterms.references | Fonseca-Correa, J.I.; Correa-Rotter, R. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Mechanisms of Action: A Review. Front. Med. 2021, 8, 777861. | eng |
dcterms.references | Vergara, A.; Jacobs-Cachá, C.; Soler, M.J. Sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors: Beyond glycaemic control. Clin. Kidney J. 2019, 12, 322–325. | eng |
dcterms.references | Iordan, L.; Gaita, L.; Timar, R.; Avram, V.; Sturza, A.; Timar, B. The Renoprotective Mechanisms of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i)—A Narrative Review. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25, 7057 | eng |
dcterms.references | Perkovic, V.; Jardine, M.J.; Neal, B.; Bompoint, S.; Heerspink, H.J.L.; Charytan, D.M.; Edwards, R.; Agarwal, R.; Bakris, G.; Bull, S.; et al. Canagliflozin and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy. N. Engl. J. Med. 2019, 380, 2295–2306. | eng |
dcterms.references | Heerspink, H.J.L.; Stefánsson, B.V.; Correa-Rotter, R.; Chertow, G.M.; Greene, T.; Hou, F.F.; Mann, J.F.E.; McMurray, J.J.V.; Lindberg, M.; Rossing, P.; et al. Dapagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2020, 383, 1436–1446. | eng |
dcterms.references | The EMPA-KIDNEY Collaborative Group; Herrington, W.G.; Staplin, N.; Wanner, C.; Green, J.B.; Hauske, S.J.; Emberson, J.R.; Preiss, D.; Judge, P.; Mayne, K.J.; et al. Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2023, 388, 117–127 | eng |
dcterms.references | Bakris, G.L.; Agarwal, R.; Anker, S.D.; Pitt, B.; Ruilope, L.M.; Rossing, P.; Kolkhof, P.; Nowack, C.; Schloemer, P.; Joseph, A.; et al. Effect of Finerenone on Chronic Kidney Disease Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 2020, 383, 2219–2229. | eng |
dcterms.references | Filippatos, G.; Anker, S.D.; Agarwal, R.; Ruilope, L.M.; Rossing, P.; Bakris, G.L.; Tasto, C.; Joseph, A.; Kolkhof, P.; Lage, A.; et al. Finerenone Reduces Risk of Incident Heart Failure in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease and Type 2 Diabetes: Analyses From the FIGARO-DKD Trial. Circulation 2022, 145, 437–447 | eng |
dcterms.references | Sjöström, L.; Narbro, K.; Sjöström, C.D.; Karason, K.; Larsson, B.; Wedel, H.; Lystig, T.; Sullivan, M.; Bouchard, C.; Carlsson, B.; et al. Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Mortality in Swedish Obese Subjects. N. Engl. J. Med. 2007, 357, 741–752 | eng |
dcterms.references | Navarro-Díaz, M.; Serra, A.; Romero, R.; Bonet, J.; Bayés, B.; Homs, M.; Pérez, N.; Bonal, J. Effect of Drastic Weight Loss after Bariatric Surgery on Renal Parameters in Extremely Obese Patients. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2006, 17, S213–S217. | eng |
dcterms.references | Huang, H.; Lu, J.; Dai, X.; Li, Z.; Zhu, L.; Zhu, S.; Wu, L. Improvement of Renal Function After Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Obes. Surg. 2021, 31, 4470–4484 | eng |
dcterms.references | Li, K.; Zou, J.; Ye, Z.; Di, J.; Han, X.; Zhang, H.; Liu, W.; Ren, Q.; Zhang, P.; Joles, J.A. Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Renal Function in Obese Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. PLoS ONE 2016, 11, e0163907 | eng |
dcterms.references | Morales, E.; Porrini, E.; Martin-Taboada, M.; Luis-Lima, S.; Vila-Bedmar, R.; de Pablos, I.G.; Gómez, P.; Rodríguez, E.; Torres, L.; Lanzón, B.; et al. Renoprotective role of bariatric surgery in patients with established chronic kidney disease. Clin. Kidney J. 2021, 14, 2037–2046. | eng |
dcterms.references | Nofal, M.; Yousef, A.; Alkhawaldeh, I.; Al-Jafari, M.; Zuaiter, S.; Eddin, S.Z. Dumping Syndrome after Bariatric Surgery. Ann. Ital. Chir. 2024, 95, 522–533. | eng |
dcterms.references | Gambioli, R.; Lepore, E.; Biondo, F.G.; Bertolani, L.; Unfer, V. Risks and limits of bariatric surgery: Old solutions and a new potential option. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 2023, 27, 5831–5840. | eng |
dcterms.references | Gulinac, M.; Miteva, D.G.; Peshevska-Sekulovska, M.; Novakov, I.P.; Antovic, S.; Peruhova, M.; Snegarova, V.; Kabakchieva, P.; Assyov, Y.; Vasilev, G.; et al. Long-term effectiveness, outcomes and complications of bariatric surgery. World J. Clin. Cases 2023, 11, 4504–4512. | eng |
dcterms.references | Heerspink, H.J.L.; Agarwal, R.; Bakris, G.L.; I Cherney, D.Z.; Lam, C.S.P.; Neuen, B.L.; A Sarafidis, P.; Tuttle, K.R.; Wanner, C.; Brinker, M.D.; et al. Design and baseline characteristics of the Finerenone, in addition to standard of care, on the progression of kidney disease in patients with Non-Diabetic Chronic Kidney Disease (FIND-CKD) randomized trial. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2025, 40, 308–319. | eng |
oaire.version | info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |