Impacto de la custodia compartida en el bienestar emocional infantil: un análisis sistemático de los riesgos y beneficios (2014- 2024)
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Amador Donado, Kendry Paola
Ariza Chiquillo, Saray Paola
Mora De La Hoz, Valentina
Suárez Bossio, Luisa Fernanda
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal analizar de manera sistemática el
impacto de la custodia compartida en el bienestar emocional infantil, a partir de una
revisión rigurosa de la literatura científica publicada entre 2014 y 2024. Este trabajo surge
ante la creciente relevancia de la custodia compartida en contextos de separación y
divorcio, donde se busca equilibrar la relación de los y las menores con ambos
progenitores y minimizar los efectos negativos de la disolución de la sociedad conyugal.
Principalmente, la custodia compartida es definida como un modelo en el que los hijos
pasan un tiempo significativo con ambos padres tras la separación, manteniendo vínculos
estrechos y constantes con cada uno. Este enfoque se diferencia de la custodia exclusiva
tradicional y se presenta como una alternativa que favorece el desarrollo emocional,
afectivo y social del menor. Los estudios revisados destacan beneficios como una mayor
percepción de apoyo emocional, mejor comunicación familiar, adaptación social positiva y
menores niveles de estrés y ansiedad en los niños. Además, se observa una mejor
relación con ambos progenitores y menos conductas problemáticas en comparación con
otros modelos de custodia.
Sin embargo, la investigación también identifica riesgos y limitaciones asociados a la
custodia compartida, los cuales dependen en gran medida del contexto en que se aplique.
Entre los cuales, el nivel de conflicto interparental es uno de los factores más
determinantes: cuando el conflicto es elevado, la custodia compartida puede generar
inestabilidad emocional, inseguridad y mayores niveles de tensión en los menores. Otros
factores de riesgo incluyen la falta de comunicación y cooperación entre los padres, la
inconsistencia en las rutinas y la rigidez en el cumplimiento de los acuerdos, los cuales
pueden interferir negativamente en la experiencia del niño o la niña bajo este modelo.
The main objective of this research is to systematically analyze the impact of joint custody on children’s emotional well-being, based on a rigorous review of scientific literature published between 2014 and 2024. This study arises from the growing importance of joint custody arrangements in cases of separation and divorce, where the aim is to balance the relationship between children and both parents while minimizing the negative effects of marital dissolution. Joint custody is primarily defined as a model in which children spend significant time with both parents after separation, maintaining close and consistent relationships with each. This approach differs from traditional sole custody and is presented as an alternative that supports children’s emotional, social, and affective development. The reviewed studies highlight benefits such as a greater perception of emotional support, improved family communication, positive social adaptation, and lower levels of stress and anxiety among children. Additionally, children in joint custody arrangements tend to have better relationships with both parents and exhibit fewer behavioral problems compared to other custody models. However, the research also identifies risks and limitations associated with joint custody, which largely depend on the context in which it is implemented. One of the most significant factors is the level of interparental conflict: when conflict is high, joint custody can lead to emotional instability, insecurity, and increased tension for children. Other risk factors include poor communication and cooperation between parents, inconsistency in routines, and rigid enforcement of agreements, all of which can negatively affect the child’s experience in this model.
The main objective of this research is to systematically analyze the impact of joint custody on children’s emotional well-being, based on a rigorous review of scientific literature published between 2014 and 2024. This study arises from the growing importance of joint custody arrangements in cases of separation and divorce, where the aim is to balance the relationship between children and both parents while minimizing the negative effects of marital dissolution. Joint custody is primarily defined as a model in which children spend significant time with both parents after separation, maintaining close and consistent relationships with each. This approach differs from traditional sole custody and is presented as an alternative that supports children’s emotional, social, and affective development. The reviewed studies highlight benefits such as a greater perception of emotional support, improved family communication, positive social adaptation, and lower levels of stress and anxiety among children. Additionally, children in joint custody arrangements tend to have better relationships with both parents and exhibit fewer behavioral problems compared to other custody models. However, the research also identifies risks and limitations associated with joint custody, which largely depend on the context in which it is implemented. One of the most significant factors is the level of interparental conflict: when conflict is high, joint custody can lead to emotional instability, insecurity, and increased tension for children. Other risk factors include poor communication and cooperation between parents, inconsistency in routines, and rigid enforcement of agreements, all of which can negatively affect the child’s experience in this model.
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Palabras clave
Custodia compartida, Bienestar emocional, Coparentalidad, Conflicto parental, Interés superior del menor
