Análisis y mejora en un engranaje de automóvil compacto a través del análisis de fallas
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Fecha
2023
Autores
Bolaño Luque, Jhonatan David
Caballero Luque, Roberto Carlos
Peña Coronado, Carlos Andrés
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Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ingenierías
Facultad de Ingenierías
Resumen
El artículo presenta un estudio exhaustivo sobre un engranaje de caja de cambios
de automóvil, centrándose en el análisis de fallas y la mejora del rendimiento. Se
utilizó una metodología que incluyó análisis macro e inspección visual, así como
análisis estructurales y microestructurales en el laboratorio de materiales.
Los resultados revelaron que el engranaje estudiado experimentó falla por fatiga.
Se identificó que estaba fabricado con un acero de bajo contenido de carbono y que
la superficie del diente había sido sometida a un tratamiento termoquímico de
cementación, lo que le proporcionó una alta dureza en la parte superior del diente.
Sin embargo, se observaron inclusiones no metálicas en la microestructura, lo cual
afectó la calidad del acero y contribuyó a la falla por fatiga.
Además, se determinó que el desgaste se debió a un diseño desfavorable del
tratamiento térmico, específicamente relacionado con una profundidad de
endurecimiento efectiva y una dureza de superficie insuficiente generada por el
tratamiento de cementación en los dientes. En consecuencia, se resalta la
importancia de mejorar los parámetros de tratamiento térmico, como la profundidad
de endurecimiento y la dureza superficial, para garantizar el rendimiento de fatiga y
la durabilidad de los componentes clave.
The article presents a comprehensive study on a car gearbox gear, focusing on failure analysis and performance improvement. A methodology was used that included macro analysis and visual inspection, as well as structural and microstructural analysis in the materials laboratory. The results revealed that the studied gear experienced fatigue failure. It was identified that it was made of a low carbon steel and that the surface of the tooth had been subjected to a thermochemical cementation treatment, which gave it a high hardness in the upper part of the tooth. However, non-metallic inclusions were observed in the microstructure, which affected the quality of the steel and contributed to fatigue failure. Furthermore, it was determined that the wear was due to unfavorable heat treatment design, specifically related to insufficient effective hardening depth and surface hardness generated by the cementation treatment on the teeth. Consequently, the importance of improving heat treatment parameters, such as depth of hardening and surface hardness, to ensure fatigue performance and durability of key components is highlighted.
The article presents a comprehensive study on a car gearbox gear, focusing on failure analysis and performance improvement. A methodology was used that included macro analysis and visual inspection, as well as structural and microstructural analysis in the materials laboratory. The results revealed that the studied gear experienced fatigue failure. It was identified that it was made of a low carbon steel and that the surface of the tooth had been subjected to a thermochemical cementation treatment, which gave it a high hardness in the upper part of the tooth. However, non-metallic inclusions were observed in the microstructure, which affected the quality of the steel and contributed to fatigue failure. Furthermore, it was determined that the wear was due to unfavorable heat treatment design, specifically related to insufficient effective hardening depth and surface hardness generated by the cementation treatment on the teeth. Consequently, the importance of improving heat treatment parameters, such as depth of hardening and surface hardness, to ensure fatigue performance and durability of key components is highlighted.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Grieta por fatiga, Piezas de fundición de acero, Endurecimiento por inducción, Fatigue crack, Steel castings, Induction hardening
