Utilidad del lactato como predictor de morbilidad y mortalidad en pacientes de cirugía cardiovascular en la unidad de cuidados intensivos
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Guzmán Ariza, Juan Carlos
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Introducción: La cirugía cardiovascular es un procedimiento complejo con un alto riesgo
de complicaciones postoperatorias, incluyendo disfunción orgánica y mortalidad en la
Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI). El lactato sérico ha sido identificado como un
biomarcador clave en la evaluación de la perfusión tisular y el metabolismo energético en
pacientes críticos. Sin embargo, la relación entre los niveles de lactato y su depuración en
las primeras 24 horas postoperatorias con la morbilidad y mortalidad en cirugía
cardiovascular aún no está completamente establecida. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo
analizar dicha relación en pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardiovascular en la UCI de una
clínica en Barranquilla, Colombia, entre agosto de 2023 y mayo de 2024.
Objetivo: Establecer la relación entre los niveles de lactato en sangre y su depuración en
las primeras 24 horas postoperatorias con la mortalidad y morbilidad en pacientes
sometidos a cirugía cardiovascular en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos.
Materiales y Métodos: El presente estudio se desarrolló bajo un enfoque observacional,
prospectivo, analítico y longitudinal, diseñado para evaluar la relación entre los niveles de
lactato en sangre y su depuración en las primeras 24 horas postoperatorias con la
morbilidad y mortalidad en pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardiovascular. La población
objetivo incluyó a pacientes adultos sometidos a cirugía cardiovascular entre agosto de
2023 y mayo de 2024. Se utilizaron fuentes primarias obtenidas directamente de los
registros clínicos de los pacientes. Se diseñó un formulario estructurado que incluyó
variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y quirúrgicas, además de los valores de lactato
medidos en el preoperatorio, intraoperatorio y postoperatorio (6 y 24 horas). El análisis de
los datos se realizó utilizando un enfoque estadístico descriptivo e inferencial para evaluar
las relaciones entre los niveles de lactato y los desenlaces clínicos en pacientes sometidos
a cirugía cardiovascular. Para este propósito, se utilizó Python como herramienta principal.
se utilizaron pruebas no paramétricas como Wilcoxon y Mann-Whitney. Estas pruebas
evaluaron diferencias significativas en los niveles de lactato entre los grupos con y sin
complicaciones postoperatorias.
Introduction: Cardiovascular surgery is a complex procedure with a high risk of postoperative complications, including organ dysfunction and mortality in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Serum lactate has been identified as a key biomarker in assessing tissue perfusion and energy metabolism in critically ill patients. However, the relationship between lactate levels and their clearance in the first 24 postoperative hours with morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular surgery is not yet fully established. This study aimed to analyze this relationship in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery in the ICU of a clinic in Barranquilla, Colombia, between August 2023 and May 2024. Objective: To establish the relationship between blood lactate levels and their clearance in the first 24 postoperative hours with mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery in the Intensive Care Unit. Materials and methods: This study was conducted under an observational, prospective, analytical, and longitudinal approach, designed to evaluate the relationship between blood lactate levels and their clearance in the first 24 postoperative hours with morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. The target population included adult patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery between August 2023 and May 2024. Primary sources obtained directly from the patients' clinical records were used. A structured form was designed that included sociodemographic, clinical, and surgical variables, in addition to lactate values measured in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods (6 and 24 hours). Data analysis was performed using a descriptive and inferential statistical approach to assess the relationships between lactate levels and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. For this purpose, Python was used as the main tool. Non-parametric tests such as Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney were used. These tests evaluated significant differences in lactate levels between groups with and without postoperative complications.
Introduction: Cardiovascular surgery is a complex procedure with a high risk of postoperative complications, including organ dysfunction and mortality in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Serum lactate has been identified as a key biomarker in assessing tissue perfusion and energy metabolism in critically ill patients. However, the relationship between lactate levels and their clearance in the first 24 postoperative hours with morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular surgery is not yet fully established. This study aimed to analyze this relationship in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery in the ICU of a clinic in Barranquilla, Colombia, between August 2023 and May 2024. Objective: To establish the relationship between blood lactate levels and their clearance in the first 24 postoperative hours with mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery in the Intensive Care Unit. Materials and methods: This study was conducted under an observational, prospective, analytical, and longitudinal approach, designed to evaluate the relationship between blood lactate levels and their clearance in the first 24 postoperative hours with morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. The target population included adult patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery between August 2023 and May 2024. Primary sources obtained directly from the patients' clinical records were used. A structured form was designed that included sociodemographic, clinical, and surgical variables, in addition to lactate values measured in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods (6 and 24 hours). Data analysis was performed using a descriptive and inferential statistical approach to assess the relationships between lactate levels and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery. For this purpose, Python was used as the main tool. Non-parametric tests such as Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney were used. These tests evaluated significant differences in lactate levels between groups with and without postoperative complications.
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Palabras clave
Lactato, Cirugía cardiovascular, Unidad de cuidados intensivos, Morbilidad, Mortalidad
