Justicia para la libertad, integridad y formación sexual en menores de 14 años
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Fals Bertis, Fader Giovannis
Guevara Morales, María Manuela
Rambao Pérez, María José
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El documento aborda la protección penal de los derechos sexuales de los menores de 14 años en Colombia, destacando la importancia de una justicia efectiva, sensible y preventiva frente a los delitos sexuales. Se parte del principio de que cualquier acto sexual con menores de esa edad constituye delito, independientemente del consentimiento, debido a la vulnerabilidad y falta de madurez de los menores.
La evolución legislativa ha fortalecido la protección penal mediante leyes como la 1236 de 2008, 1329 de 2009 y especialmente la Ley 2081 de 2021, que establece la imprescriptibilidad de los delitos sexuales contra menores de 18 años. Esta medida reconoce que el trauma puede silenciar a las víctimas durante años, eliminando barreras temporales que favorecían la impunidad.
Se destaca la necesidad de protocolos de atención integral que eviten la revictimización, especialmente en zonas rurales donde el acceso a servicios especializados es limitado. La articulación interinstitucional y la capacitación son claves para una respuesta efectiva.
El documento también resalta el impacto de la violencia sexual en contextos de vulnerabilidad, donde la impunidad es más frecuente. La justicia debe ser accesible en todo el territorio nacional, adaptándose a las condiciones específicas de cada víctima.
Finalmente, se aborda la desconfianza ciudadana hacia el sistema penal, evidenciada por altas tasas de no denuncia. Esta situación refleja la percepción de ineficacia institucional, lo que perpetúa la impunidad y el silencio. El fortalecimiento institucional, la pedagogía jurídica y la implementación efectiva de políticas públicas son esenciales para garantizar la protección de los menores.
This document addresses the criminal protection of the sexual rights of minors under 14 years of age in Colombia, highlighting the importance of effective, sensitive, and preventive justice for sexual crimes. It is based on the principle that any sexual act with minors of that age constitutes a crime, regardless of consent, due to the vulnerability and immaturity of minors. Legislative developments have strengthened criminal protection through laws such as Law 1236 of 2008, Law 1329 of 2009, and especially Law 2081 of 2021, which establishes the non-applicability of statutes of limitations for sexual crimes against minors under 18 years of age. This measure recognizes that trauma can silence victims for years, eliminating temporary barriers that fostered impunity. The document emphasizes the need for comprehensive care protocols to prevent re-victimization, especially in rural areas where access to specialized services is limited. Inter-institutional coordination and training are key to an effective response. The document also highlights the impact of sexual violence in vulnerable contexts, where impunity is more prevalent. Justice must be accessible throughout the country, adapting to the specific conditions of each victim. Finally, it addresses citizen mistrust of the criminal justice system, evidenced by high rates of non-reporting. This situation reflects the perception of institutional ineffectiveness, which perpetuates impunity and silence. Institutional strengthening, legal pedagogy, and the effective implementation of public policies are essential to guarantee the protection of minors.
This document addresses the criminal protection of the sexual rights of minors under 14 years of age in Colombia, highlighting the importance of effective, sensitive, and preventive justice for sexual crimes. It is based on the principle that any sexual act with minors of that age constitutes a crime, regardless of consent, due to the vulnerability and immaturity of minors. Legislative developments have strengthened criminal protection through laws such as Law 1236 of 2008, Law 1329 of 2009, and especially Law 2081 of 2021, which establishes the non-applicability of statutes of limitations for sexual crimes against minors under 18 years of age. This measure recognizes that trauma can silence victims for years, eliminating temporary barriers that fostered impunity. The document emphasizes the need for comprehensive care protocols to prevent re-victimization, especially in rural areas where access to specialized services is limited. Inter-institutional coordination and training are key to an effective response. The document also highlights the impact of sexual violence in vulnerable contexts, where impunity is more prevalent. Justice must be accessible throughout the country, adapting to the specific conditions of each victim. Finally, it addresses citizen mistrust of the criminal justice system, evidenced by high rates of non-reporting. This situation reflects the perception of institutional ineffectiveness, which perpetuates impunity and silence. Institutional strengthening, legal pedagogy, and the effective implementation of public policies are essential to guarantee the protection of minors.
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Palabras clave
Menores, Sexual, Penal, Violencia, Protección, Derechos, Sistema, Niños, Delitos, Instituciones
