Intervenciones desde el modelo cognitivo comportamental para el tratamiento de hombres victimarios en la relación de pareja
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Morrón Gómez, Crishiam Yamile
Pineda Nicholls, Angélica María
Solano Blanco, Gloria Marina
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
La violencia en las relaciones de pareja es un problema social y de salud
pública con graves consecuencias físicas, emocionales y psicológicas para las
víctimas. Este fenómeno afecta a una proporción significativa de mujeres en todo
el mundo, así como también se debe reconocer que existen hombres que pueden
ser víctimas. En este sentido el objetivo principal de la monografía es analizar las
intervenciones psicológicas dirigidas a hombres victimarios desde un enfoque
cognitivo-conductual, identificando su efectividad, limitaciones y áreas de mejora,
por lo cual, se realizó una revisión sistemática de estudios recientes desde el año
2020 hasta el año 2024 en la base de datos EBSCO. La búsqueda inicial arrojó 19
estudios, posterior al análisis a partir de los criterios de inclusión 6 fueron
revisados a totalidad e incluidos. La investigación destaca que los hombres que
ejercen violencia suelen presentar patrones de comportamiento controladores y
agresivos, influenciados por factores individuales, sociales y culturales. Entre los
factores de riesgo identificados se encuentran antecedentes de violencia en la
infancia, consumo de sustancias y dificultades en la regulación emocional. El
análisis de los programas de intervención revela que la Terapia CognitivoConductual ha demostrado ser eficaz en la modificación de creencias y
comportamientos violentos, haciendo uso de estrategias como la reestructuración
cognitiva, el entrenamiento en habilidades de comunicación, la gestión de la ira y
el desarrollo de la empatía lo cual han sido clave en la reducción de la reincidencia
en la violencia de pareja. Además, se han explorado enfoques complementarios,
como el uso de incentivos económicos para reforzar cambios conductuales y la
integración de mindfulness para mejorar la regulación emocional. Entre los
resultados más relevantes, se encontró que los programas de intervención grupal
y las terapias individuales han permitido a los participantes desarrollar un mayor
control de sus impulsos y mejorar sus relaciones interpersonales. Sin embargo,
también se identificaron desafíos, como la resistencia de algunos agresores a
reconocer su responsabilidad, la necesidad de intervenciones más personalizadas
y la falta de seguimiento a largo plazo para evaluar la sostenibilidad de los
cambios logrados; la normalización de conductas violentas en los hombres, la
construcción social de la masculinidad y las desigualdades de poder en la pareja
juegan un papel determinante en la perpetuación de estas dinámicas. En este
sentido, es necesario que las tácticas y métodos de intervención no solo se
centren en la modificación de la conducta individual del victimario, sino que,
además, promueven cambios en los discursos y estructuras que influyen en la
incidencia de la violencia de género. Finalmente, se resalta la importancia de
implementar intervenciones basadas en la evidencia científica para el tratamiento
de hombres victimarios, promoviendo estrategias que reduzcan la violencia y
fomenten relaciones más saludables. La Terapia Cognitivo-Conductual se
posiciona como un enfoque clave en este proceso, dado que, ha demostrado ser
una herramienta valiosa con una efectividad relevante, sin embargo, su aplicación
debe seguir evolucionando hacia modelos más integrales y adaptativos para
resultados más favorecedores en este tipo de tratamientos
Intimate partner violence is a significant social and public health problem with severe physical, emotional, and psychological consequences for victims. This phenomenon affects a considerable proportion of women worldwide, while also recognizing that men can also be victims. The primary aim of this paper is to analyze psychological interventions aimed at male perpetrators from a cognitivebehavioral perspective, identifying their effectiveness, limitations, and areas for improvement. To this end, a systematic review of recent studies from 2020 to 2024 was conducted using the EBSCO database. The initial search yielded 19 studies, and after applying inclusion criteria, 6 were thoroughly reviewed and included. The research highlights that men who perpetrate violence often exhibit controlling and aggressive behavioral patterns, influenced by individual, social, and cultural factors. Identified risk factors include a history of childhood violence, substance abuse, and difficulties in emotional regulation. The analysis of intervention programs reveals that Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has proven effective in modifying violent beliefs and behaviors, employing strategies such as cognitive restructuring, communication skills training, anger management, and empathy development, which have been crucial in reducing recidivism in partner violence. Additionally, complementary approaches have been explored, such as the use of economic incentives to reinforce behavioral changes and the integration of mindfulness to improve emotional regulation. Among the most relevant findings, it was found that group intervention programs and individual therapies have enabled participants to develop better impulse control and improve their interpersonal relationships. However, challenges were also identified, such as some perpetrators' resistance to acknowledging their responsibility, the need for more personalized interventions, and the lack of long-term follow-up to assess the sustainability of the changes achieved. The normalization of violent behaviors in men, the social construction of masculinity, and power inequalities in relationships play a crucial role in perpetuating these dynamics. In this regard, it is essential that intervention tactics and methods not only focus on modifying the individual behavior of the perpetrator but also promote changes in the discourses and structures influencing the incidence of gender-based violence. Finally, the importance of implementing evidence-based interventions for treating male perpetrators is emphasized, promoting strategies that reduce violence and foster healthier relationships. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy stands out as a key approach in this process, having proven to be a valuable tool with significant effectiveness. However, its application should continue to evolve toward more comprehensive and adaptive models for more favorable outcomes in this type of treatment.
Intimate partner violence is a significant social and public health problem with severe physical, emotional, and psychological consequences for victims. This phenomenon affects a considerable proportion of women worldwide, while also recognizing that men can also be victims. The primary aim of this paper is to analyze psychological interventions aimed at male perpetrators from a cognitivebehavioral perspective, identifying their effectiveness, limitations, and areas for improvement. To this end, a systematic review of recent studies from 2020 to 2024 was conducted using the EBSCO database. The initial search yielded 19 studies, and after applying inclusion criteria, 6 were thoroughly reviewed and included. The research highlights that men who perpetrate violence often exhibit controlling and aggressive behavioral patterns, influenced by individual, social, and cultural factors. Identified risk factors include a history of childhood violence, substance abuse, and difficulties in emotional regulation. The analysis of intervention programs reveals that Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has proven effective in modifying violent beliefs and behaviors, employing strategies such as cognitive restructuring, communication skills training, anger management, and empathy development, which have been crucial in reducing recidivism in partner violence. Additionally, complementary approaches have been explored, such as the use of economic incentives to reinforce behavioral changes and the integration of mindfulness to improve emotional regulation. Among the most relevant findings, it was found that group intervention programs and individual therapies have enabled participants to develop better impulse control and improve their interpersonal relationships. However, challenges were also identified, such as some perpetrators' resistance to acknowledging their responsibility, the need for more personalized interventions, and the lack of long-term follow-up to assess the sustainability of the changes achieved. The normalization of violent behaviors in men, the social construction of masculinity, and power inequalities in relationships play a crucial role in perpetuating these dynamics. In this regard, it is essential that intervention tactics and methods not only focus on modifying the individual behavior of the perpetrator but also promote changes in the discourses and structures influencing the incidence of gender-based violence. Finally, the importance of implementing evidence-based interventions for treating male perpetrators is emphasized, promoting strategies that reduce violence and foster healthier relationships. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy stands out as a key approach in this process, having proven to be a valuable tool with significant effectiveness. However, its application should continue to evolve toward more comprehensive and adaptive models for more favorable outcomes in this type of treatment.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Violencia en la relación de pareja, Intervención, Terapia cognitivo-conductual, Hombres, Victimarios
