El comercio electrónico y su influencia en el transporte marítimo dentro de la cadena de suministros en Colombia en el periodo 2019-2023
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Jiménez Mendoza, Maira
Fernández, Eimmy
Pachón, Laura Camila
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
El comercio electrónico ha transformado el comercio internacional y la logística
global, impactando la cadena de suministro y el transporte marítimo. Este estudio
analiza su efecto en Colombia entre 2019 y 2023, abordando la modernización
portuaria, la digitalización logística y la adopción de nuevas tecnologías. El comercio
electrónico en Colombia creció un 146.15% en este período, pasando de 6.5 mil
millones de dólares en 2019 a 16 mil millones en 2023, lo que ha impulsado cambios
en el transporte marítimo, responsable de más del 80% del comercio mundial
(UNCTAD, 2021). La modernización de la logística portuaria se ha vuelto clave para
la competitividad del país, reduciendo costos y optimizando procesos. Las
tecnologías como Big Data, Inteligencia Artificial, Blockchain e IoT han mejorado la
trazabilidad y eficiencia operativa. Sin embargo, persisten desafíos en
infraestructura portuaria debido a la limitada inversión y falta de integración logística.
El estudio recomienda estrategias como inversión en infraestructura, digitalización
de procesos y automatización de operaciones. La adopción de Logística 4.0
permitiría optimizar la cadena de suministro, mejorando la eficiencia y
competitividad del comercio exterior colombiano en los próximos años (MECALUX,
2019).
E-commerce has transformed international trade and global logistics, impacting the supply chain and shipping. This study analyzes its effect in Colombia between 2019 and 2023, addressing port modernization, logistics digitization and the adoption of new technologies. E-commerce in Colombia grew by 146.15% in this period, from $6.5 billion in 2019 to $16 billion in 2023, which has driven changes in maritime transport, responsible for more than 80% of world trade (UNCTAD, 2021). The modernization of port logistics has become key to the country's competitiveness, reducing costs and optimizing processes. Technologies such as Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain and IoT have improved traceability and operational efficiency. However, challenges persist in port infrastructure due to limited investment and lack of logistics integration. The study recommends strategies such as investment in infrastructure, digitization of processes and automation of operations. The adoption of Logistics 4.0 would optimize the supply chain, improving the efficiency and competitiveness of Colombian foreign trade in the coming years (MECALUX, 2019).
E-commerce has transformed international trade and global logistics, impacting the supply chain and shipping. This study analyzes its effect in Colombia between 2019 and 2023, addressing port modernization, logistics digitization and the adoption of new technologies. E-commerce in Colombia grew by 146.15% in this period, from $6.5 billion in 2019 to $16 billion in 2023, which has driven changes in maritime transport, responsible for more than 80% of world trade (UNCTAD, 2021). The modernization of port logistics has become key to the country's competitiveness, reducing costs and optimizing processes. Technologies such as Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, Blockchain and IoT have improved traceability and operational efficiency. However, challenges persist in port infrastructure due to limited investment and lack of logistics integration. The study recommends strategies such as investment in infrastructure, digitization of processes and automation of operations. The adoption of Logistics 4.0 would optimize the supply chain, improving the efficiency and competitiveness of Colombian foreign trade in the coming years (MECALUX, 2019).
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Palabras clave
Comercio electrónico, Comercio internacional, Transporte marítimo, Cadena de suministro, Procesos logísticos
