Justicia transicional: factores determinantes en los procesos de Alemania, Sudáfrica, Guatemala y Colombia
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
2025
Autores
Blanco Negrette, Salomón
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El presente trabajo analiza la justicia transicional como mecanismo de respuesta a violaciones
masivas de derechos humanos en contextos de conflicto armado y regímenes autoritarios. Se
realiza un estudio comparado de cuatro experiencias nacionales: Alemania tras el régimen del
PSUA, Sudáfrica después del apartheid, Guatemala tras su guerra civil, y Colombia en su
actual proceso de posacuerdo.
El análisis se centra en tres dimensiones: las comisiones de la verdad, las políticas de
reparación y la implementación de recomendaciones. A partir de estas, se identifican factores
que explican el éxito o fracaso de los procesos, como la voluntad política, la autonomía judicial,
la participación de la sociedad civil y el respaldo internacional.
Se concluye que, sin compromiso estatal y apropiación social, la verdad queda sin
consecuencias y la justicia se debilita. Se proponen recomendaciones para evitar que la justicia
transicional se convierta en una narrativa impotente, sin impacto real ni transformador.
This paper analyzes transitional justice as a mechanism to address massive human rights violations in contexts of armed conflict and authoritarian regimes. A comparative study is conducted on four national experiences: Germany after the PSUA regime, South Africa following apartheid, Guatemala after its civil war, and Colombia in its current post-agreement process. The analysis focuses on three key dimensions: truth commissions, reparation policies, and the implementation of recommendations. From these, the study identifies factors that explain the success or failure of the processes, such as political will, judicial independence, civil society participation, and international support. The conclusion stresses that without state commitment and social ownership, truth remains inconsequential and justice is weakened. Recommendations are proposed to prevent transitional justice from becoming an impotent narrative with no real or transformative impact.
This paper analyzes transitional justice as a mechanism to address massive human rights violations in contexts of armed conflict and authoritarian regimes. A comparative study is conducted on four national experiences: Germany after the PSUA regime, South Africa following apartheid, Guatemala after its civil war, and Colombia in its current post-agreement process. The analysis focuses on three key dimensions: truth commissions, reparation policies, and the implementation of recommendations. From these, the study identifies factors that explain the success or failure of the processes, such as political will, judicial independence, civil society participation, and international support. The conclusion stresses that without state commitment and social ownership, truth remains inconsequential and justice is weakened. Recommendations are proposed to prevent transitional justice from becoming an impotent narrative with no real or transformative impact.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Justicia transicional, Memoria histórica, Comisiones de la verdad, Reparación, Voluntad política, Participación social, Alemania, Sudáfrica, Guatemala, Colombia
