Factores de riesgo psicosocial y el bienestar psicológico en los estudiantes de educación media vocacional, en una institución educativa del municipio de San Marcos - Sucre
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Suárez Calle, Luisa Fernanda
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
Existen una serie de problemas y necesidades que giran alrededor de los
estudiantes, las cuales parecen ser vistas por los padres y por los mismos docentes,
como algo pasajero o solo como un capricho que se les ha de pasar con el tiempo
y la edad.
En ese sentido, entre las problemáticas encontradas o evidenciadas, se tiene
que muchos de los y las estudiantes de los niveles de media y superior, presentan
comportamientos asociados a la depresión, pues, muestran episodios
caracterizados por un abatimiento, tristeza, enojo, frustración, miedo o temor,
cansancio o faltos de energía, agitación, lentitud para razonar, hablar y realizar
actividades físicas, entre otros. Lo anterior, tiene un efecto negativo no solo en la
vida cotidiana se sumaría de igual forma el bajo rendimiento académico de éstos, lo
cual se evidencia en las evaluaciones realizadas a esta población estudiantil. Más
aún, en casos extremos, puede incluso afectar el deseo de vivir de estos
adolescentes y jóvenes. Aquí, es oportuno indicar que existen factores sociales y
psicológicos que pueden llevar a que, los y las estudiantes, presenten estos tipos
de comportamientos y conductas asociados a la depresión. No obstante, el
desconocimiento de éstos conlleva a que el problema se acentúe cada vez más.
Por lo anterior, se hizo necesario la realización de un estudio donde fuese posible
determinar los factores de riesgo psicosocial y bienestar que pudiesen ser
generadores de depresión en los estudiantes de los grados 9,10 y 11, puesto que
las estadísticas arrojaron que éstos presentaron un incremento en la población
adolescente y joven, no solo de Colombia, sino en el resto del mundo.
Por lo anterior, el presente proyecto investigativo tuvo como objetivo general
el análisis de los factores de riesgo psicosocial que pudieran ser generadores
depresión en jóvenes estudiantes de 9°, 10° y 11° y su relación con los factores de
bienestar psicológico en una institución educativa de San Marcos – Sucre objeto de
estudio. De hecho, autores como Delgado (2015), resaltaron que, en estudiantes de
una institución nacional, la prevalencia de depresión grave se observó con mayor
frecuencia en los adolescentes (15 – 16 años). Mientras que, en una institución
privada, se evidenció en jóvenes estudiantes con edad entre los 17 y los 18 años.
La metodología que se utilizó para alcanzar los objetivos propuestos fue de enfoque
cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo - correlacional y transaccional. Con ello, se esperó
alcanzar el objetivo, el cual correspondía al análisis de la relación entre factores
psicosociales que podían afectar el bienestar psicológico de los estudiantes de
educación media vocacional, en una institución educativa del municipio de San
Marcos - Sucre.
There are a series of problems and needs that revolve around students, which seem to be seen by parents and teachers themselves, as something temporary or just as a whim that must pass with time and age. In this sense, among the problems found or evidenced, many of the students at the middle and higher levels present behaviors associated with depression, since they show episodes characterized by dejection, sadness, anger, frustration, fear or fear, tiredness or lack of energy, agitation, slowness to reason, speak and perform physical activities, among others. The above has a negative effect not only on daily life, but also their low academic performance, which is evident in the evaluations carried out on this student population. Furthermore, in extreme cases, it can even affect the desire to live of these adolescents and young people. Here, it is appropriate to indicate that there are social and psychological factors that can lead students to present these types of behaviors and behaviors associated with depression. However, ignorance of these leads to the problem becoming increasingly accentuated. Due to the above, it was necessary to carry out a study where it would be possible to determine the psychosocial risk factors and well-being that could generate depression in students in grades 9, 10 and 11, since the statistics showed that they presented a increase in the adolescent and young population, not only in Colombia, but in the rest of the world. Therefore, the general objective of this research project was the analysis of psychosocial risk factors that could generate depression in young students of 9th, 10th and 11th grade and their relationship with psychological well-being factors in an educational institution. of San Marcos – Sucre object of study. In fact, authors such as Delgado (2015) highlighted that, in students from a national institution, the prevalence of severe depression was observed more frequently in adolescents (15 – 16 years). While, in a private institution, it was evident in young students between 17 and 18 years old. The methodology that was used to achieve the proposed objectives was a descriptive, correlational and transactional quantitative approach. With this, it was hoped to achieve the objective, which corresponded to the analysis of the relationship between psychosocial factors that could affect the psychological wellbeing of secondary vocational education students, in an educational institution in the municipality of San Marcos - Sucre.
There are a series of problems and needs that revolve around students, which seem to be seen by parents and teachers themselves, as something temporary or just as a whim that must pass with time and age. In this sense, among the problems found or evidenced, many of the students at the middle and higher levels present behaviors associated with depression, since they show episodes characterized by dejection, sadness, anger, frustration, fear or fear, tiredness or lack of energy, agitation, slowness to reason, speak and perform physical activities, among others. The above has a negative effect not only on daily life, but also their low academic performance, which is evident in the evaluations carried out on this student population. Furthermore, in extreme cases, it can even affect the desire to live of these adolescents and young people. Here, it is appropriate to indicate that there are social and psychological factors that can lead students to present these types of behaviors and behaviors associated with depression. However, ignorance of these leads to the problem becoming increasingly accentuated. Due to the above, it was necessary to carry out a study where it would be possible to determine the psychosocial risk factors and well-being that could generate depression in students in grades 9, 10 and 11, since the statistics showed that they presented a increase in the adolescent and young population, not only in Colombia, but in the rest of the world. Therefore, the general objective of this research project was the analysis of psychosocial risk factors that could generate depression in young students of 9th, 10th and 11th grade and their relationship with psychological well-being factors in an educational institution. of San Marcos – Sucre object of study. In fact, authors such as Delgado (2015) highlighted that, in students from a national institution, the prevalence of severe depression was observed more frequently in adolescents (15 – 16 years). While, in a private institution, it was evident in young students between 17 and 18 years old. The methodology that was used to achieve the proposed objectives was a descriptive, correlational and transactional quantitative approach. With this, it was hoped to achieve the objective, which corresponded to the analysis of the relationship between psychosocial factors that could affect the psychological wellbeing of secondary vocational education students, in an educational institution in the municipality of San Marcos - Sucre.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Riesgo psicosocial, Bienestar psicológico, Adolescentes, Depresión, Funcionalidad familiar, Autoestima
