Análisis del impacto social de la ejecución del proyecto prevención y erradicación del trabajo infantil y sus peores formas en Barranquilla
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Meza Molina, Jeide
Fernández Rodríguez, Fernando José
Rumie López, Odette
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Facultad de Administración y Negocios
Resumen
El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo analizar el impacto social de la ejecución del Proyecto Prevención y Erradicación del Trabajo Infantil y sus Peores Formas en Barranquilla, para identificar los factores sociales y educativos que inciden en las condiciones de vida de niños, niñas y adolescentes que se encuentran vinculados con el proyecto en el distrito de Barranquilla.
El estudio se fundamenta en un marco teórico que integra enfoques de desarrollo humano, derechos de la niñez y protección social, apoyado en instrumentos internacionales como la Convención sobre los derechos del niño (ONU,1989) y los convenios de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo. Así mismo se consideran las políticas nacionales, entre ellas La Línea de Política Pública para la Prevención y Erradicación del Trabajo Infantil y la Protección Integral al adolescente trabajador 2017-2027, que orientan las acciones estatales en Colombia. Metodológicamente, se adoptó un enfoque cualitativo, empleando entrevistas semiestructuradas, grupos focales y revisión documental. La muestra incluyó líderes de proyecto, profesionales vinculados y familias beneficiarias, lo que permitió triangular información y comprender los cambios percibidos en el acceso a derechos y servicios. Los hallazgos evidencian avances en la matrícula y permanencia escolar, así como en la regularización documental de los menores. Sin embargo, persisten limitaciones relacionadas con la empleabilidad parental, la precariedad habitacional y dificultades en acceso de servicios básicos de salud y bienestar. Se identificó la necesidad de fortalecer la articulación interinstitucional y de ampliar la cobertura del programa, especialmente frente a la población migrante que enfrenta mayores vulnerabilidades.
El proyecto contribuyó a mejorar indicadores de educación y bienestar familiar, aunque pese a las acciones desarrolladas por el programa, hay persistencia en el trabajo infantil, por lo que la investigación concluye que la sostenibilidad de los resultados depende de la implementación de estrategias integrales que combinen educación, protección social y oportunidades económicas para las familias. Finalmente se propone un plan de fortalecimiento que incluye la focalización de acciones según vulnerabilidades específicas, el incremento de recursos para seguimiento y atención integral y la inclusión de programas de empleabilidad para padres. Estas medidas, buscan consolidar el entorno protector que garantice el ejercicio pleno de los derechos de la niñez y la reducción sostenida del trabajo infantil en Barranquilla.
The objective of this study was to analyze the social impact of the implementation of the Project for the Prevention and Eradication of Child Labor and its Worst Forms in Barranquilla, in order to identify the social and educational factors that affect the living conditions of children and adolescents involved in the project in the district of Barranquilla. The study is based on a theoretical framework that integrates approaches to human development, children's rights, and social protection, supported by international instruments such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child (UN, 1989) and the conventions of the International Labor Organization. It also takes into account national policies, including the Public Policy Line for the Prevention and Eradication of Child Labor and the Comprehensive Protection of Working Adolescents 2017- 2027, which guide state actions in Colombia. Methodologically, a qualitative approach was adopted, using semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and document review. The sample included project leaders, associated professionals, and beneficiary families, which allowed for triangulation of information and understanding of perceived changes in access to rights and services. The findings show progress in school enrollment and retention, as well as in the regularization of minors' documentation. However, limitations persist in relation to parental employability, precarious housing, and difficulties in accessing basic health and welfare services. The need to strengthen inter-institutional coordination and expand the program's coverage was identified, especially for the migrant population, which faces greater vulnerabilities. The project contributed to improving education and family welfare indicators, although despite the actions developed by the program, child labor persists. Therefore, the research concludes that the sustainability of the results depends on the implementation of comprehensive strategies that combine education, social protection, and economic opportunities for families. Finally, a strengthening plan is proposed that includes targeting actions according to specific vulnerabilities, increasing resources for monitoring and comprehensive care, and including employability programs for parents. These measures seek to consolidate a protective environment that guarantees the full exercise of children's rights and the sustained reduction of child labor in Barranquilla.
The objective of this study was to analyze the social impact of the implementation of the Project for the Prevention and Eradication of Child Labor and its Worst Forms in Barranquilla, in order to identify the social and educational factors that affect the living conditions of children and adolescents involved in the project in the district of Barranquilla. The study is based on a theoretical framework that integrates approaches to human development, children's rights, and social protection, supported by international instruments such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child (UN, 1989) and the conventions of the International Labor Organization. It also takes into account national policies, including the Public Policy Line for the Prevention and Eradication of Child Labor and the Comprehensive Protection of Working Adolescents 2017- 2027, which guide state actions in Colombia. Methodologically, a qualitative approach was adopted, using semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and document review. The sample included project leaders, associated professionals, and beneficiary families, which allowed for triangulation of information and understanding of perceived changes in access to rights and services. The findings show progress in school enrollment and retention, as well as in the regularization of minors' documentation. However, limitations persist in relation to parental employability, precarious housing, and difficulties in accessing basic health and welfare services. The need to strengthen inter-institutional coordination and expand the program's coverage was identified, especially for the migrant population, which faces greater vulnerabilities. The project contributed to improving education and family welfare indicators, although despite the actions developed by the program, child labor persists. Therefore, the research concludes that the sustainability of the results depends on the implementation of comprehensive strategies that combine education, social protection, and economic opportunities for families. Finally, a strengthening plan is proposed that includes targeting actions according to specific vulnerabilities, increasing resources for monitoring and comprehensive care, and including employability programs for parents. These measures seek to consolidate a protective environment that guarantees the full exercise of children's rights and the sustained reduction of child labor in Barranquilla.
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Palabras clave
Trabajo infantil, Derechos de la niñez, Acompañamiento psicosocial, Bienestar social