Cultura de seguridad organizacional y satisfacción laboral: un análisis en el contexto de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo
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Fecha
2024
Autores
Bueno Brito, Yerlin Yissell
Irene Cristina, Ferrer Tabares
Oliveros Correa, Farid Andrés
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Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
Resumen
Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre la cultura de seguridad organizacional y la satisfacción laboral de los trabajadores en el ámbito de la seguridad y salud en el trabajo.
Materiales y Métodos: La investigación se desarrolló bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, adoptando un diseño descriptivo de corte transversal que permitió evaluar la cultura organizacional y la satisfacción laboral de los trabajadores de la Región Caribe colombiana en un momento determinado. Para la recolección de la información se utilizaron tres instrumentos complementarios: un cuestionario sociodemográfico que capturó variables como sexo, estrato socioeconómico, nivel educativo, antigüedad, estado civil, carga de trabajo y autopercepción de salud; el Nordic Workplace Safety Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50), compuesto por 50 ítems distribuidos en siete dimensiones para analizar la percepción de seguridad laboral; y el Job Satisfaction Questionnaire S20/23, que a través de 23 ítems en escala Likert de 7 puntos exploró aspectos como la satisfacción intrínseca, las condiciones del entorno físico, las oportunidades de desarrollo y las relaciones laborales. El procesamiento de los datos se realizó en el entorno de Google Colab, aprovechando las capacidades de análisis de Python. Se implementaron herramientas especializadas como Pandas para la manipulación de datos, Numpy para los cálculos estadísticos, Matplotlib y Seaborn para la visualización, y expresiones regulares para homogeneizar la información. El análisis estadístico se estructuró en dos dimensiones principales: percepción de seguridad y satisfacción laborales. Para el análisis de la percepción de seguridad se construyeron tablas de frecuencia que permitieron identificar fortalezas y áreas de mejora en la gestión de la seguridad. Respecto a la satisfacción laboral, las respuestas se transformaron a una escala numérica de Likert, lo que facilitó un análisis descriptivo más preciso. Se calcularon estadísticos fundamentales como medias, desviación estándar y valores mínimos y máximos, brindando una visión integral de los factores que influyen en la percepción de los trabajadores.
Resultados: El estudio reveló una población laboral con características demográficas equilibradas, compuesta por un 52.78% de hombres y 47.22% de mujeres, predominantemente del estrato socioeconómico 2 (41.84%) y con nivel educativo profesional (33.85%). La mayoría se encuentra en cargos operativos (61.11%), con una experiencia laboral de 1 a 5 años (39.06%) y una percepción mayoritariamente positiva de su salud. En materia de seguridad laboral, los resultados muestran una perspectiva compleja. Mientras un 42.01% considera que la dirección no gestiona adecuadamente la seguridad, un 66.32% percibe rutinas de seguridad efectivas y un 72.57% cree poder influir en estos temas. La participación de los empleados presenta matices: el 70.14% afirma ser motivado a involucrarse,
pero solo el 46.01% siente que sus sugerencias son realmente consideradas. La satisfacción laboral se mostró consistentemente alta, con valores concentrados entre
4.75 y 5.00, destacando aspectos como participación en decisiones, ambiente de trabajo y autonomía. No obstante, se identificaron áreas de mejora en relaciones con superiores y oportunidades de formación.
Conclusión: El estudio revela un panorama organizacional complejo, pero en general positivo. La población trabajadora muestra una percepción mayoritariamente favorable de su ambiente laboral, con importantes fortalezas en participación, satisfacción general y comunicación departamental. Sin embargo, existen áreas críticas de mejora, especialmente en aspectos de comunicación gerencial, desarrollo profesional y procesos de toma de decisiones.
Objective: To analyze the relationship between organizational safety culture and workers' job satisfaction in the context of occupational safety and health. Materials and methods: This research used a quantitative approach with a cross- sectional descriptive design to assess organizational culture and job satisfaction of workers in the Colombian Caribbean Region at a given time. Three complementary instruments were used to collect data: a sociodemographic questionnaire that captures variables such as gender, socioeconomic status, educational level, seniority at work, marital status, workload and self-perceived health; the Nordic Occupational Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50), composed of 50 items in seven dimensions to analyze the perception of safety at work; and the Job Satisfaction Questionnaire S20/23, which explores aspects such as intrinsic satisfaction, physical environment conditions, development opportunities and labor relations through 23 items on a 7-point Likert scale. Data processing was performed in Google Colab, taking advantage of Python's analytical capabilities. Specialized tools such as Pandas for data manipulation, NumPy for statistical calculations, Matplotlib and Seaborn for visualization, and regular expressions for data homogenization were implemented. The statistical analysis was structured into two main dimensions: safety perception and job satisfaction. For the analysis of safety perception, frequency tables were built to identify strengths and areas for improvement in safety management. Regarding job satisfaction, the responses were transformed into a Likert numerical scale, facilitating a more precise descriptive analysis. Fundamental statistics such as means, standard deviations, and minimum and maximum values were calculated, which provide a comprehensive view of the factors that influence workers' perceptions. Results: The study revealed a workforce with balanced demographic characteristics, composed of 52.78% men and 47.22% women, predominantly from socioeconomic stratum 2 (41.84%) with vocational education (33.85%). The majority are in operational positions (61.11%), with 1-5 years of work experience (39.06%) and a predominantly positive perception of health. Regarding workplace safety, the results show a complex perspective. While 42.01% consider that management does not manage safety adequately, 66.32% perceive effective safety routines and 72.57% believe they can influence these issues. Employee participation is nuanced: 70.14% claim to be motivated to get involved, but only 46.01% feel that their suggestions are really considered. Job satisfaction was consistently high, with values concentrated between 4.75 and 5.00, highlighting aspects such as participation in decisions, work environment and autonomy. However, areas for improvement were identified in relations with superiors and training opportunities. Conclusion: The study reveals a complex but generally positive organizational panorama. The working population shows a predominantly favorable perception of their work environment, with important strengths in participation, general satisfaction and departmental communication. However, there are critical areas for improvement, especially in aspects of management communication, professional development and decision-making processes.
Objective: To analyze the relationship between organizational safety culture and workers' job satisfaction in the context of occupational safety and health. Materials and methods: This research used a quantitative approach with a cross- sectional descriptive design to assess organizational culture and job satisfaction of workers in the Colombian Caribbean Region at a given time. Three complementary instruments were used to collect data: a sociodemographic questionnaire that captures variables such as gender, socioeconomic status, educational level, seniority at work, marital status, workload and self-perceived health; the Nordic Occupational Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50), composed of 50 items in seven dimensions to analyze the perception of safety at work; and the Job Satisfaction Questionnaire S20/23, which explores aspects such as intrinsic satisfaction, physical environment conditions, development opportunities and labor relations through 23 items on a 7-point Likert scale. Data processing was performed in Google Colab, taking advantage of Python's analytical capabilities. Specialized tools such as Pandas for data manipulation, NumPy for statistical calculations, Matplotlib and Seaborn for visualization, and regular expressions for data homogenization were implemented. The statistical analysis was structured into two main dimensions: safety perception and job satisfaction. For the analysis of safety perception, frequency tables were built to identify strengths and areas for improvement in safety management. Regarding job satisfaction, the responses were transformed into a Likert numerical scale, facilitating a more precise descriptive analysis. Fundamental statistics such as means, standard deviations, and minimum and maximum values were calculated, which provide a comprehensive view of the factors that influence workers' perceptions. Results: The study revealed a workforce with balanced demographic characteristics, composed of 52.78% men and 47.22% women, predominantly from socioeconomic stratum 2 (41.84%) with vocational education (33.85%). The majority are in operational positions (61.11%), with 1-5 years of work experience (39.06%) and a predominantly positive perception of health. Regarding workplace safety, the results show a complex perspective. While 42.01% consider that management does not manage safety adequately, 66.32% perceive effective safety routines and 72.57% believe they can influence these issues. Employee participation is nuanced: 70.14% claim to be motivated to get involved, but only 46.01% feel that their suggestions are really considered. Job satisfaction was consistently high, with values concentrated between 4.75 and 5.00, highlighting aspects such as participation in decisions, work environment and autonomy. However, areas for improvement were identified in relations with superiors and training opportunities. Conclusion: The study reveals a complex but generally positive organizational panorama. The working population shows a predominantly favorable perception of their work environment, with important strengths in participation, general satisfaction and departmental communication. However, there are critical areas for improvement, especially in aspects of management communication, professional development and decision-making processes.
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Palabras clave
Cultura organizacional, Satisfacción en el trabajo, Seguridad y Salud en el trabajo
