La oralidad y su implementación en los procesos civiles en Colombia
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Fecha
2025
Autores
Hoyos Baldovino, Luis Gabriel
Montes Daza, Liceth Marina
Rodriguez Rodriguez, Kelly Sugey
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Editor
Ediciones Universidad Simón Bolívar
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Facultad de Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales
Resumen
El presente estudio analiza los obstáculos de la oralidad en el proceso civil colombiano,
regulado por el Código General del Proceso (Ley 1564 de 2012), mediante un enfoque cualitativo y
descriptivo-exploratorio que combina análisis documental de normativas (Leyes 906 de 2004, 1149
de 2007, 1564 de 2012) e informes judiciales con entrevistas semiestructuradas a operadores
judiciales. Los resultados revelan que la eficacia de la oralidad se ve limitada por barreras culturales,
como la resistencia a abandonar prácticas escritas, deficiencias en la capacitación en litigación oral
que afectan la calidad de las audiencias y limitaciones tecnológicas, con solo el 45% de los juzgados
rurales equipados adecuadamente. La persistencia de prácticas escritas, como la lectura de
memoriales, prolonga las audiencias y contribuye a la mora procesal, con el 65% de los procesos
civiles superando los plazos establecidos en 2022, afectando la celeridad y el debido proceso. Estas
barreras, exacerbadas en zonas rurales, perpetúan desigualdades en el acceso a la justicia. Se
concluye que la modernización del sistema judicial requiere abordar estas limitaciones para
garantizar una justicia más eficiente, transparente y equitativa, alineada con el Estado Social de Derecho
This study analyzes the obstacles to orality in Colombian civil proceedings, governed by the General Procedural Code, through a qualitative and descriptive-exploratory approach that combines documentary analysis of regulations and judicial reports with semi-structured interviews with judicial operators. The findings reveal that the effectiveness of orality is hindered by cultural barriers, such as resistance to abandoning written practices, inadequate training in oral litigation that impacts the quality of hearings, and technological limitations, with only 45% of rural courts adequately equipped. The persistence of written practices, such as reading memorials, prolongs hearings and contributes to procedural delays, with 65% of civil cases exceeding established deadlines in 2022, affecting speed and due process. These barriers, particularly pronounced in rural areas, perpetuate inequalities in access to justice. The study concludes that modernizing the judicial system requires addressing these challenges to ensure a more efficient, transparent, and equitable justice system aligned with the Social Rule of Law.
This study analyzes the obstacles to orality in Colombian civil proceedings, governed by the General Procedural Code, through a qualitative and descriptive-exploratory approach that combines documentary analysis of regulations and judicial reports with semi-structured interviews with judicial operators. The findings reveal that the effectiveness of orality is hindered by cultural barriers, such as resistance to abandoning written practices, inadequate training in oral litigation that impacts the quality of hearings, and technological limitations, with only 45% of rural courts adequately equipped. The persistence of written practices, such as reading memorials, prolongs hearings and contributes to procedural delays, with 65% of civil cases exceeding established deadlines in 2022, affecting speed and due process. These barriers, particularly pronounced in rural areas, perpetuate inequalities in access to justice. The study concludes that modernizing the judicial system requires addressing these challenges to ensure a more efficient, transparent, and equitable justice system aligned with the Social Rule of Law.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Oralidad, Procesos civiles, Colombia, Litigación oral, Infraestructura tecnológica, Capacitación, Celeridad procesal, Debido proceso, Código general del proceso
